Flashcards
Fluid, Electrolytes and Acid-Base Balance
Cards in this deck (86)
- 1What are the four main functions of water?1.transportation of substance to and from the cell.
2. perspiration
3. maintenance of hydrogen balance
4. enzymatic action of digestion - 2Who are more quickly are seriously affected by minor changes in their fluid balance and can become dehydrated?Infant and Elderly
- 3Water is critical to maintaining whathomeostasis
- 4These are minerals or salts that are dissolved in body fluid?Electrolytes
- 5A positive electrical charge is termedCation
- 6A negative electrical charge is termedAnions
- 7The intermediate products of metabolism- amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids that do not dissolve areNonelectrolytes
- 8Red blood cells are termedErythrocytes
- 9White blood cells are termedLeukocytes
- 10Thrombocytes are termedPlatelets
- 11Any condition that alters body fluid volume also alters the plasma volume of the blood and can affect whatBlood pressure and circulation
- 12This is body fluid that is within the cell and is high in potassium (K+)Intracellular
- 13This is body fluid that is outside of the cell consisting of 3 different types and is high in sodium (Na+)Extracellular
- 14What are the 3 types of ECF (extracellular fluid)Intravascular, interstital, transcellular
- 15This body fluid transports water, nutrients, oxygen, waste to and from the cells and is high in (Na+) content.Extracellular
- 16This body fluid that is within the blood vessel consists of plasma and fluid within blood cells, also contains large amounts of protein and electrolytes.Intravascular
- 17This is body fluid that is in the spaces surrounding the cells and is high in (Na+)Interstitial
- 18This is fluid contained within the cell walls, most cell walls are permeable to water and high in K+Intracellular
- 19When fluid shifts from the plasma in the vascular space out to the interstitial space , blood volume drops and what may occurDehydration and Hypovolemia
- 20What is the normal range for Sodium (Na+)136-145
- 21Your Na+ level is < 136 what is that termedHyponatermia
- 22Signs and Symptoms of HypoatremiaConfusion, headache, altered level of consciousness, anxiety, coma, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, seizures
- 23Signs and symptoms of HypernatremiaDry mucous membranes, loss of skin turgor, intense thirst, flushed skin, elevated temp, weakness, irritability
- 24What is the normal range for K+3.5-5.0
- 25Your level of Na+ is >145Hypernatremia
- 26Your K+ level is < 3.5Hypokalemia
- 27Your K+ is >5.0Hyperkalemia
- 28Signs and Symptoms of HypokalemiaAbdominal pain, cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, decreased reflexes, paralysis, urinary retention, confusion, ECG changes, and increased urinary PH
- 29Signs and symptoms of HyperkalemiaMuscle weakness, hypotension, paresthesias, paralysis, arrhythmias, ECG changes
- 30What are the normal ranges for Calcium (Ca2+)9-10.5
- 31Your level of (Ca2+) is < 8.4Hypocalcemia
- 32Your level of (Ca2+) is >10.6Hypercalcemia
- 33Signs and symptoms of HypocalcemiaTetany, shift of calcium into the bone, muscle spasms, seizures
- 34Signs and symptoms of HypercalcemiaConfusion, abdominal pain, consitpation, polyuria, cardiac arrest
- 35What are the normal ranges for Magnesium (Mg2+)1.3-2.1
- 36What is a function of magnesiumNecessary for building bones and teeth, nerve transmission and involved in muscle contraction.
- 37What is a function of Calcium (Ca2+)Involved in formation of bone and teeth, necessary for blood coagulation. Essential for normal nerve and muscle activity
- 38What is a function of Potassium (K+)Major intracellular cation, nerve transmission and muscle contraction, helps maintain normal hear rhythm, maintains plasma acid-base balance
- 39What is a function of Sodium (na+)Major cation of extracellular fluid, major role in regulation of water balance, regulates through osmotic pressure, important in controlling contractility of the heart.
- 40What is a normal range of Phosphate (PO43-)2.7-4.5
- 41What is a normal range for Chloride (Cl-)96-106
- 42What is a function of Phosphate (PO34-)Necessary for formation of ATP, co-factor in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. Activates B complex vitamins
- 43What is a function of Chloride (Cl-)Helps maintain acid-balance, important in formation of hydrochloric acid for secretion to the stomach
- 44What is a normal range for Bicarbonate (HCO3-)22-26
- 45A function of Bicarbonate (HCO3-)A buffer that neutralizes excess acids in the body, helps regulate acid-base balance.
- 46What is a NANDA for DehydrationFluid volume deficit
- 47What is the main organ through which fluid excertion is achievedKidney
- 48Urine output is affected by several hormonesADH, aldosterone and ANP
- 49What is the main hormone excreted from the brain that controls holding onto waterADH
- 50This is the process by which substances move back and forth across membranes until they are evenly ditributedDiffusion
- 51With diffussion the substances move from ______ to _____ concentration until the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal.High to Low
- 52This refers to the movement of pure solvent across membrane and water diffuses by thisOsmosis
- 53With osmosis water moves from the area of what concentration to the area of what concentration until the solutions in the compartments are equal concentration.less solute to greater
- 54When living cells are surrounded by a solution that has the same concentration of particles the ICF and ECF will be equal. Termed whatIsotonic
- 55What happens to the cell if it is isotonicThe cell will stay the same
- 56The solution in relation to the cells, are surrounded by solution that has less solutes than the cells so the solution Exits the cell to the extracellular fluidHypertonic
- 57The particles within the cells exert an osmotic pressure, drawing water inward through the semi-permeable membrane and causing the cells to swell and could burst.Hypotonic
- 58The pumping action of the heart creates what within the capillaries.Hydrostatic pressure
- 59What is another term for hypotoniccellular edema
- 60The healthy kidney regulates fluid and elecrolyte balance by regulating the whatvolume and composition of ECF
- 61What follows water within the bodySodium
- 62#1 nursing interventionSafety
- 63SIgns and Symptoms of DehydrationConfusion, Dark, concentrated urine, decreased blood pressure, decreased urine production, Dry mucous membranes, elevated temp, increased pulse rate, poor skin turgor, elevated specific gravity of urine.
- 64What hormone will be excreted if your patient has signs of dehydration?ADH
- 65What are the signs of excess fluid volumewt gain, crackles (rales), slow bounding pulse, elevated blood pressure, edema
- 66A deficit of sodium in the blood is calledhyponatremia
- 67Your doing patient teaching and you know your pt has a low K+ level what types of foods should they add to their diet?Bananas, Avocados, Cantaloupe, Potatoes, fish, oranges
- 68The normal range of serum Ph scale7.35-7.45
- 69At what level could death occur at a serum pH level6.8-7.8
- 707.01 is what on the pH scaleAcidosis
- 717.6 is what on the pH scalealkaline
- 72You have a patient whose pH 7.33 PaCo2 40 HCO3- 20 what are theyMetabolic Acidosis
- 73Your pts is rapid breathing so you order an ABG pH 7.37 PaCo2 32 HCO3- 26 What are theyNormal these are all on level
- 74Your pt has been vomiting for days and is experiencing tetany you order an ABG pH 7.7 PaCo3 40 HCO3 30 What are theyMetabolic alkalosis
- 75Your pt is experiencing slow shallow respirations, you just gave them their opiates 30 minutes ago, you order a ABG pH 7.01 PaCo2 50 HCO3 22 What are theyRespiratory acidosis
- 76Your pt is hyperventilating so you order a ABG pH 7.5 PaCo2 33 HCO3 25 What are theyRespiratory alkalosis
- 77Hypokalemia is another cause of metabolic alkalosis as the kidney the retains what while excreting whatretains potassium ions
excreting hydrogen ions - 78Respirations having an increased rate and depth witth panting and long grunting exhalations is termedKussmauls
- 79An increase in hydrogen ions results in this a decrese in pHacidosis
- 80A decrease in hydrogen ions results in this a increase of pHalkalosis
- 81How many mL and hour of urine should be reported to the physician30
- 82How many mLs of urine should a healthy pt be putting out in 24 hours1000-1500
- 83Your testing your pt for edema on their ankle against a bony prominence you press and the dent disappears rapidly1+ edema
- 84Your testing your pt for edema on their ankle against a bony prominence you press and the dent disappears slowly in about 10-15 seconds2+ edema
- 85Your testing your pt for edema on their ankle against a bony prominence you press and the dent disappears very slow sometimes more than 1 minute3+ edema
- 86Your testing your pt for edema on their ankle against a bony prominence you press and the dent doesnt disappear and last longer than 2-5 minutes.4+ edema