Flashcards
Middle Mediastinum
Cards in this deck (35)
- 1what is the pressure of the pulmonary circulation ?low - 12- 16 mmHg
- deoxygenated - 2pressure of systemic circulation?high - 70-120 mmHg
- oxygenated - 3what is the mediastinum bound by?- 2 pleural sacs
- sternum and CCs
- thoracic vertebrae - 4what divides the superior and inferior mediastinum?plane passing through the sternal angle and T4/5
- 5what does the middle mediastinum contain?- heart
- pericardium
- origins of great vessels
- smaller vessels (PVs)
- phrenic nerves, vagus nerve - 6what layers is the pericardium split into?fibrous (externally)
serous (internally) - 7function of the pericardium?- anchors the heart to the surrounding tissues without comprising cardiac movement
- prevents overfilling of the heart - 8what does the fibrous pericardium fuse to ?the adventitia of the great vessels
anteriorly - body of sternum and 3-6th CC
posteriorly - 5th - 8th thoracic vertebrae
inferiorly - blends with central tend of the diaphragm - 9what are the two layers of the serous pericardium?- parietal and visceral
- 10which layer of serious pericardium lines the inner aspect of the fibrous pericardium?parietal
- 11which layer is the epicardium?visceral
- 12which layer of the pericardium produces the pericardial fluid?serous, produces 10-15mL
- 13where is the pericardial cavity?between the parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium
- 14what are the 2 sinuses within the serous pericardium?oblique and transverse
- 15location of the transverse sinus?- posterior to ascending aorta and PT
- anterior to the SVC
- superior to LA and pulmonary veins - 16what does the transverse sinus do?separates the venous and arterial ends of heart tube
- 17where is the oblique sinus?- around the right and left pulmonary veins and IVC
- potential space behind left atrium - 18what is the arterial supply of the pericardium?- subclavian artery to internal thoracic - to pericardiacophrenic a. & musculophrenic a
- thoracic aorta - bronchial arteries, oesophageal arteries, superior phrenic arteries
- visceral layer (epicardium) by Coronary arteries - 19what is the venous drainage of the pericardium?pericardiacophrenic v to internal thoracic v to brachiocephalic v
azygos to SVC - 20what is the lymphatic drainage of the pericardium?tracheobronchial lymph nodes
- 21never supply of the pericardium?- sensory fibres from the PHRENIC
- vasomotor fibres from the VAGUS
and the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves (sympathetic) - 22where does the phrenic arise from?ventral rami of C3,4,5
- 23which muscle does the phrenic descend across?the anterior surface of scalenus anterior
- 24where does the phrenic enter the mediastinum?between the arterial and venous planes (subclavian a and subclavian v)
- 25does the phrenic pass anterior or posterior to the root of the lung?anterior
- 26what is the phrenic accompanied by?pericardiacophrenic artery and vein
- 27functions of the phrenic?sole motor supply of the diaphragm
- sensory fibres to the mediastinal parietal pleura, peritoneum and pleura related to the central tendon of the diaphragm - 28what is the surface landmark of the apex of the heart?left 5th intercostal space
8-10cm left of midline - 29what is the base of the heart mainly composed of?left atrium and pulmonary veins
- small portion of RA
fixed posteriorly to the pericardium at the level of T6-T9 vertebrae - 30what does the sternocostal surface consist of?right ventricle
small portion of RA - 31what does the diaphragmatic surface consist of?LV, small portion of RV
- 32how are the diaphragmatic surface and base of the heart separated?coronary sinus
- 33what structures lie in the posterior IV sulcus?- posterior IV artery
- middle cardiac vein - 34what structures lie in the coronary sulcus?right coronary artery
- left circumflex artery
- small cardiac vein
- coronary sinus - 35what structures lie in the anterior IV sulcus?- anterior IV artery
- great cardiac vein
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- Anatomy (Cardiovascular system) Flashcards on Middle Mediastinum, created by hazel wilkie on 24/10/2017.
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- hazel wilkie
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