11048720
Description
Flashcards by Elisha Graham, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Elisha Graham
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What was the Danelaw and where was it established? | The Danelaw was established under Alfred the Great. It stated that the Danes would settle in the east of the county. This was known as the Danelaw. |
| What Earldom did Alfred the Great control? | Wessex |
| When the Vikings returned in the 10th Century, who were they led by? | Svein of Denmark |
| When the Vikings returned in the 10th Century, which Saxon King was defeated? | Aethelred the Unready |
| Which Danish King established control over all 4 Kingdoms in 1016? | Canute |
| Who were the claimants to the throne in 1035? | Harold Harefoot Harthacanute Edward the Confessor |
| Who could be king? | Naturally limited to members of the royal family who were accepted by the Witan or through conquest. |
| Who had the sole right to make the laws? | The king |
| Who was responsible for the defence of the kingdom and keeping the king's peace? | The king |
| Who governed the localities and how? | The king, he issued writs which were written orders that were to be followed |
| Who decided on domestic and foreign policies? | The king |
| Who was the only person with the right to mint coins? | The king |
| Who advised the king and assisted the government? | The Witan |
| Who was in the Witan? | Royal family members Earls Bishops |
| Who made up the kings household servents? | Thegns 'Stallers' Priests and Clerks Housecarls |
| What was the thegns job? | Serving as butlers, table-waiters and chamberlains. They were also the arms men of the army. |
| What was the stallers job? | The main secular servants |
| What was the priests and clerks job? | Served the king's oratory |
| What was the housecarls job? | Elite soldiers that formed the kings bodyguard and were the elite of the army when they went to war |
| Who were the kings administrative servents? | Thegns Reeves Shire Reeves |
| What was the thegns administrative job? | They formed an aristocracy in the shires |
| What was the reeves job? | Governed the estates and hundreds |
| What was the shire reeves job? | Supervised the royal interests in the boroughs and the shires |
| Who was the only person with the right to raise an army? | The king |
| What was an earls jobs? | - Keep the peace and maintain good justice - Commanded the military forces of his province - Executed orders from the king |
| How did someone become an earl? | It was a royal appointment held during the king's pleasure. The eldest son of an earl would also usually end up inheriting the lands and therefore becoming an earl in their fathers place |
| What were the duties of an earl considered to be? | Vice-regal. |
| What was a shire? | The main territorial division of the kingdom |
| What was a hundred? | The shires were divided into hundreds and each contained around 12 villages |
| What was the Vikings version of a hundred? | Wapentake |
| What was the Vikings version of a Shire? | Trithing |
| What was a hide? | Smallest unit of land, usually about 120 acres |
| What was the Viking version of a hide? | Carucate |
| What did the tenents of hide land have to do? | Pay a rate or tax on the land |
| What was an ordeal? | A punishment based on the premise that God would help the innocent by performing a miracle on his behalf |
| How often did the Shire Court meet? | Twice a year |
| What sort of cases were the shire courts concernded with? | Traditional cases such as theft and violence. |
| Who were in charge of the shire courts? | The bishop and the earl |
| How often did the hundred meet? | Every month |
| What was the main judicial purpose of the hundred court? | Administration of police schemes which the king had devised |
| What were the hundred responsible for? | The good behaviour of their members |
| Who held the hundred courts? | The preist, the reeve and four men from each township |
| When housecarls were pensioned off, what could they receive? | An estate, loan land, or book-land by charter |
| What and why did the thegns owe the king? | In return for their book-land, they had to provide military service and bring with them troops of fyrd |
| What was the fyrd? | The bulk of the Anglo-Saxon army made up of untrained peasants |
| How long did the fyrd have to serve for? | 2 months a year |
| What three groups was Anglo-Saxon society organised into? | - Those who fought - Those who prayed - Those who worked |
| Who was at the top of Anglo-Saxon society? | The King |
| Who was at the bottom of Anglo-Saxon society? | Slaves |
| What was so special about book-land? | This land could not be lost or resumed by the King |
| What was the official religion of England? | Christianity |
| Who were the two Archbishops? | Canterbury and York |
| What was still common for priests to do in England that was seen as backwards? | Clerical Marriage |
| How was the Church funded? | The tithe, a tax that was one-tenth of annual produce or earnings |
| Why did the English church refuse to accept Stigand as archbishop? | He was approved by Pope Benedict X, the anti-pope |
| Why did tenants have to pay taxes? | To pay for: - military service - fortress work - bridge repair |
| What was the Danegeld? | A tax to pay invaders (usually Vikings) to go away |
| Who collected taxes? | Shire reeves |
| How many pennies were they to a shilling? | 12 |
| How many shillings were they to a pound? | 20 |
| How often did English coins have to be traded in for re-striking and why? | Every six years to avoid debasement |
| Who traded with Ireland? | Chester and Bristol |
| Who traded with the Rhineland, the Low Countries and France? | London |
| Did England import or export more? | Export |
| How many towns had a population of over 1000? | 20 |
| How many inhabitants did London have? | 14,000 |
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