11184453
Description
Flashcards by Elisha Graham, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Elisha Graham
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Why did Godwin become earl of Wessex? | He married Gytha, the sister-in-law of Canute. This was the reason why Canute gave him Wessex as his earldom. |
| Why did Edward hate Godwin so much? | Edwards brother, Alfred, was fatally blinded after Godwin had arrested him in 1036, Alfred died from this and Edward blamed Godwin. |
| Why was Godwin important to Edward? | It was through Godwin's support of Edwards claim to the throne that allowed Edward to succeed |
| How were the Godwin family rewarded for supporting Edward's claim? | The eldest son, Swegn was given an Earldom |
| Who did Edward marry and what were the consequences of this? | Edith, Godwin's Daughter. Elevated the Godwin family further and would have put a direct ecendent of the Godwin's on the throne if they were to have children. |
| What did Edward lack and how did he compensate for this? | He lacked loyal support so he welcomed servents from Normandy who gave him support |
| What church matters caused Edward and Godwin to clash? | Robert of Jumieges was appointed to See of London in 1044 and See of Canterbury in 1051, this was bitterly opposed by Godwin and caused a row between him and Robert |
| What happened to Swegn? | In 1049, Swegn murdered his cousin and was pronounced a 'nithing', he was forced into exile and his lands were given to Edwards nephew, Ralf. This disgraced the Godwin family. |
| What negotitations caused Edward to believe that Godwin was planning to oppose him? | Godwin was negotiation plans of marriage between his third son, Tostig and Judith of Flanders, who was the daughter of Edwards enemy. |
| What happened in Dover in 1051? | Eustace, Count of Boulogne had been visiting the king. On his return journey through Dover, he and his men arrived to find that their accommodation and supplies had been denied, probably on Godwin's orders. Eustace's men then tried to intimidate the local people and a fight broke out, leaving seven of his men dead and several men, women and children from Dover dead too. |
| What was Godwin's reaction to the events in Dover? | He refused to obey Edwards order to punish them as he was feeling sidelined due to recent events |
| Why was Godwin forced to flee the country? | - Godwin gathered an army but on the way to London many of the men deserted him - He did not receive support from Siward of Northumbria or Leofric of Mercia - The king had military supremacy |
| What have been some reasons used to explain Edwards offer of the throne to William of Normandy? | - Edward was supreme in England after the Godwins fled - William had full control over Normandy - Edith was not going to produce an heir |
| When the Godwins fled, what happened to Edith? | She was placed in a nunnery |
| What have some historians argued about what the offer of the throne actually was? | They have argued that if this offer did happen, it was more likely to have been more of a diplomatic move rather than a serious intention |
| When the Godwins fled where did they go? | - Godwin and his three sons went to Bruges - Harold and Leofwin went to Dublin |
| How did the Godwins return to England? | Godwin rallied support in Kent and then joined forces with his son, Harold, at the Isle of Wight, they then sailed up the English channel, receiving reinforcements from ports before landing at Southwark in London in mid September. |
| What was Edwards reaction to the Godwins returning? | He stationed an army on the north bank of the Thames but was not prepared to fight. London and Wessex supported the Godwins and Earls Leofric and Siward remained neutral, causing Edward to agree terms with Godwin |
| Upon the Godwins return, what happened to Archbishop Jumieges and the Bishop of Dorchester? | They escaped abroad and Godwin chose Stigand to replace Jumieges as Archbishop of Canterbury |
| What were the results of the peace terms between Godwin and Edward? | Godwin swore that he and his sons were innocent of the crime imputed on them therefore: - Godwin was restored to Wessex - Harold was restored to East Anglia - Queen Edith was restored to court |
| When and how did Godwin die? | At Easter 1053, Godwin collapsed whilst at the King's table, it is likely that he had a stroke. |
| After Godwin's death, what happened to Wessex? | Harold succeded him |
| What was Edwards opinion on Harold? | It is said that Edward liked him personally and Harold did not succeed his father due to hereditary right, it was because of Edward's choice |
| After Godwin's death, what was the immediate effect of the reshuffiling of the earldoms? | It made the house of Mercia stronger and the Godwin family weaker as they now owned less earldoms |
| Why did Edward invite Edward and Edgar the Atheling to court? | They had a bloodline claim to the throne |
| What happened when Edward and Edgar the Atheling arrived at court? | Edward died, Edgar would have probably only been 5 at the time so he would have been too young to be nominated as heir, instead he stayed at court were he was groomed to become the heir |
| How did Tostig recieve an Earldom? | In 1055, Siward of Northumbria died, just months after his son had been killed fighting against the Scots, leaving no one to claim Northumbria. The royal council therefore decided to pass the earldom to Tostig, the second son of the late Earl Godwin |
| What caused Aeflger to be exiled? | It seemed as if he opposed Tostig becoming Earl of Northumbria, calling him an outlaw within a royal council meeting. It is suggested that Aeflger was exiled because of this and branded a traitor. |
| What happened when Aeflger was first exiled? | He fled to Ireland and hired a fleet of 18 mercenary ships. He then sought assistance from the Welsh King, Gruffudd ap Llywelyn to join the attack on the English. During the attack, Harold arrived with a much bigger army causing them to withdraw. Peace negotiations were arranged and Aeflger was restored to East Anglia |
| What happened when Earl Leofric of Mercia died? | Aeflgar claimed Mercia but was forced to give up East Anglia. East Anglia went to Gyrth, another Godwin brother and later a further Godwin brother, Leofwin replaced Earl Ralph of Herefordshire upon his death. Aelgar protested again and was once again banished |
| What happened in the Welsh Campaign of 1062-3? | Aeflgar suddenly died and the Godwins decided to deal with his former ally, the Welsh king. Harold launched a surprise attack but the King escaped by ship, however, they later sprung another attact, Harold by sea and Tostig by land, which was so succesful that the King was killed by his own men. |
| What did Harold do upon the death of the Welsh King? | He sent the kings head to King Edward |
| What was Edward responsible for building? | Westminster Abbey |
| When did Harold visit Normandy? | In the summer of either 1064 or 1065 |
| What are the suggested reasons as to why Harold visited Normandy? | - Harold was sent by Edward to swear fealty to Duke William - Harold was sent to confirm the old alliance between the two courts - Harold was to exchange gifts and assurances of friendship - Harold was on a fishing trip that was blown of course |
| What do the Norman sources say happened during Harold's visit and why is this dubious? | They suggest that Harold was there to swear fealty to William as his future King. However, all of the Norman sources were written after the Conquest and Edward was perfectly healthy at the time, making it dubious. |
| What were the events of Harold's visit to Normandy? | He made an unexpected landing in Ponthieu, the land of Guy I were he was arrested, but the intervention of Duke William allowed him to be released. The Norman sources state that Harold then later swore an oath promising to secure the kingdom of England for William upon the death of Harold |
| What was the condition of Edwards health in late 1065? | He started to suffer a series of strokes which affected his mental state. It was clear that he would not survive |
| Why did Tostig become unpopular in Northumbria? | It had always been ruled by the Vikings under the Danelaw, but Tostig had tried to introduce more English methods, such as his taxation policy and his policy on law and order. Also, the church was plundered by Aethelwin and Tostig was blamed for this. |
| What link does the Scottish king have to the Northumbrian rebellion? | In 1061, King Malcolm invaded and seized Cumbria, Tostig simply accepted this and allowed him to have it. This enraged the Gospatric, a northern dignitary who had received Cumbria as compensation for not become Earl of Northumbria |
| What happened to Gospatric at the Christmas Court of 1064? | Gospatric was at court to appeal to Edward about the murder of two of his men at a meeting in York, discussing the loss of Cumbria. However, he was murdered at Court, possibly from the orders of Queen Edith who always favoured her brother Tostig |
| What happened in October 1065? | A force of 200 thegns who were loyal to Gospatric entered York and fought with Tostig's housecarls. 200 of Tostig's men were killed. The intention was to replace Tostig as earl with Morcar. It seems as if Morcar and his older brother Edwine had been part of the conspiracy. |
| What was Harold's role in Tostig's downfall? | It appears that Harold did what he could to appease the rebels. This caused Tostig to accused him of being in league with them. Harold refused to fight the rebels, causing Tostig to go into exile and allowing Morcar to become Earl of Northumbria |
| Where did Tostig go into Exile? | He went to Flanders, the court of his father-in-law. Here, he plotted to return to England and claim the throne for himself. |
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