Weimar Germany- Weimar constitution 1918-1929

Question	Answer
Why did the Kaiser abdicate? What month and year was this?	The Kaiser abdicated because otherwise Germany would be invaded because the USA refused to allow the war to end unless the Kaiser was abdicated. The Kaiser was abdicated in November 1918
Who began the new constitution and what did they sign the armistice the next day?	The chancellor Ebert began the new constitution and signed the armistice on the 11th November 1918
How often would the President be elected? What was the voting age for men and women?	They were elected every 7 years 20 was the voting age for men and women
What is Proportional representation?	The number of votes determines the number of seats in the party
Name the 3 strengths of the Weimar constitution?	vote was 20 and was the same for men and women. president would be elected every 7 years and had the power to choose a chancellor parliament had the power to pass and reject laws. Elected by proportional representation every four years
Name Some weaknesses of the Weimar Constitution.	Article 48 allowed the president to pass laws in an emergency. This gave the President too much power. Proportional representation led to many small parties gaining seats whwich led to alot of coalitions which meant that decisions often took longer to come to a conclusion.
The early challenges to the Weimar Republic, 1919-1923	The early challenges to the Weimar Republic, 1919-1923
What was the stab in the back theory?	The Stab in the back theory was the belief that the German army was stabbed in the back by the `November criminals` because they believed that Germany could have won the war.
When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?	JUNE 1919
Name some of the key terms of the Treaty of Versailles.	The German army were not allowed an air force, navy and had an army at 100,000 men. £6.6 billion in reparations They lost 13% of there land including Allace Lorraine and the Saar Germany were to blame for starting the war.
Name and explain opposition of the Weimar Republic from the left	The spartacist uprising in December 1918 was led by Rosa Luxmeburg and Karl Liebknecht to show their disapproval against the new government. Ebert gained the help of Freikorps and moved his government to Weimar.Ended in the death of 16 people including the 2 leaders.
Name and Explain the uprising of the Weimar Republic from the Right	The Kapp Putsch led by Wolfgang Kapp and show their hatred against the Treaty of Versailles in March 1920.. They set up a Government in Berlin but ended a few days later when the wokers went on strike to show their support for the Government. Kapp fled but was later captured.
What led to Hyperinflation?	They could not pay for the first bill. So France went into the Ruhrr to gain the products needed to get the money they needed. The workers refused to work with the French do the French took the land for good. e Germans had even less of an industry so printed more money which led to hyperinflation.
The recovery of the Republic, 1924-29	The recovery of the Republic, 1924-29
Who became chancellor in 1923 and what month was this?	Stresseman became chancellor in August 1923. He helped Germany build relations with other counrtys and helped end hyperinflation.
What year and month did Stresemann introduce the Rentenmark?	November 1923
What was the reason for the change in currency and what was it based on?	The reason for the change in currency was to stabalise the currency and restore confidence in the currency. It was based on property values rather than gold reserves.
What was Rentenmark changed to a year later and what was it backed up by?	It was changed to Reichmark and was backed German gold reserves.
Explain the Dawes plan and how it helped Germany? Where did they get the money from?	The Dawes plan was a plan in which Germany would pay 1 billion marks a year and over a period of four years it would increase to 2 . 5 Billion and in return the French will move out of the Ruhr. It also aimed to boost Germen economy through US loans.
What was the Locarno pact of 1925?	After ending the passive resistance in the Ruhr, Stresemenn along with Britain, France, Italy and Belgium signed the Pact to say they will keep their borders. As part of the Pact, Germany will be involved with the League of Nations.
What year did Germany become a permanent member of the league of Nations?	September 1926
What did the Kellogg-Briand pact involve and when was it signed?	The Kellogg-Briand pact was signed by 64 countries in 1928 and was a pact to state that these countries millitary would be used as a defence but any disagreement would be disputed in a peaceful way.
What was the young plan and why did it have opposition in Germany?	The Young plan was an agreement that Germany would stop paying reperations in 1988 and the overall bill will be reduced from £6 billion to £1.85. This was great but some people opposed it saying that Germany should not have payed it in the first place.
Changes in Society, 1924-29	Changes in Society, 1924-29
What happened to wages? What was unemployment like in this period?	Wages were really good in Germany in 1924 and when it got to 1928 it was one of the best paid places to work. However, their was still some high unemployment in sectors such as teaching and lawyers.
How many homes did Germany build between 1924 and 1931? How much was homelessness reduced in 1928?	They built 2million homes and reduced homelessness by 60% by 1928
What law was introduced in 1927 to help the unemployed?	The unemployment insurance law of 1927 was a way for the employed to pay into an unemployment welfare scheme fro the unemployed
How was there a change in the leisure activities of Women?	They became much more socially free and drank, smoke and were fashion conscious.
Hitler`s rise to power 1919-1933	Hitler`s rise to power 1919-1933
Why did Hitler go to Vienna?	He went to Vienna to peruse his art career. However, this didn't work out and he became homeless. Due to his lack of an artist career developing, he developed a hatred for Jews because he believed he was taking all the jobs and wealth.
What was Hitler`s beliefs about war and what did he do after the war?	Hitler believed that the German army could have won the war if they carried on and became an intelligence officer for the army
Whilst doing intelligence which party did he see and join?	Whilst doing some intelligence, he looked at the German workers party and later joined them in 1918
Who led the German workers party?	Anton Drexler
What did the DAP change their name to in 1920?	National socialist German workers party (NSDAP) or the Nazi Party
What position did Hitler inherit in 1920 for the NSDAP?	He became the head of advertisement and propaganda.
What happened in 1920 in relation to Hitler?	He challenged Drexler to win the place as head of the party.
What was the role of the SA when Hitler set it up in 1921.	It was used to stop violence in the meetings but was also used to disrupt opposition meetings.
What was clever about their 25 point programme?	The 25 point programme was great because it was aimed at pleasing everyone.
Name two key parts of the 25 point programme.	They would abolish the TOV Citizenship would only be granted to those of German citizenship.
The Munich Putsch and the lean years, 1923-29	The Munich Putsch and the lean years, 1923-29
What led to the Putsch of 1923?	Hitler knew that there was a good chance that he could overthrow the government that caused hyperinflation. Hitler knew he needed the help of the German army in order to overthrow the government.
What month and year did the putsch take place?	November 1923
What happened during the Munich putsch?	he stormed into a meeting of German army leaders and threatened them and released them when they accepted. next day Hitler and 3000 supporters went into Munich expecting lots of workers to join them including the army but leaders had set up the police and army to stop them. This lead to Hitler being imprisoned and Nazi party being stopped.
What did Hitler make whilst in prison?	He made the Mein Kampf which contained his political views
Lean years of the Nazi party, 1924-29	Lean years of the Nazi party, 1924-29
Name one two ways in which the party did not improve.	There were lots of squabbles when Hitler was in prison Economic recovery meant there was little support for extremist party's.
Name a few ways in which the party made progress.	The party was reorganised Membership increased to 100,000 members in 1928
The growth in support for the Nazi party, 1929	The growth in support for the Nazi party, 1929
The effects of the wall street crash	Due to the wall street crash, unemployment grew because the German government needed money back from loans in order to pay for American loans. This lead to unemployment and therefore a growth in extremist support
Explian how Hitler was a reason for growth in Nazi support	His good speeches, poster showing him as a superman and Hitlers want to link to everyone all lead to a growth in Nazi support
How did businesses help the Nazi Party gain support	Business` did not want the communists to gain support so gave funds towards the Nazi party.
How did the SA help the growth in Nazi support.	Nazi support grew due to the presence of the SA on the streets. Their presence brought discipline to the Nazi regime, something which Germans wanted.
How did Goebbels help the growth in Nazi support.	His position as head of propaganda and advertising meant that he gave the direction of the Nazi party. He made sure he appealed to all sections of society: apart from Jews.
How Hitler became chancellor 1922 and 1933	How Hitler became chancellor 1922 and 1933
VON PAPEN	Von-Papen was a chancellor and called for an election where he won little seats but the Nazi party won the most seats with 230 in the Reichstag. However, their victory was ignored by president Hindenburg.
Von Papen second election	Von Papen held another election a few months later where he had even fewer seats and the Nazi party fell to 190 seats.
What led to Von Papen's resignation and what happened to his predecessor.	After suggesting the abolition of the Weimar Republic, Schneider warned that this would lead to a civil war and therefore Von Papen resigned but Schneider was not successful as he only lasted 2 months
How did Von Papen's need for power help Hitler.	Von Papen wanted to regain power so met up with Hitler to agree he would be vice chancellor whilst Hitler was Chancellor. huge backing by land owners and the majority of Germany. Hindenburg accepted it in January 1933 as he was assured that Von Papen would control Hitler.
Nazi control and dictatorship, 1933-39	Nazi control and dictatorship, 1933-39
The creation of a dictatorship 1933-34	The creation of a dictatorship 1933-34
What happened in the Reichstag fire and when was it?	27th February 1933 Reichstag was burned down by Marcus Van de Lubbe, who was communist. Hitler blamed the communist party and persuaded Hindenburg to pass an emergency law that allowed the police to detain people without trial. This allowed Hitler eradicate communists
What policy allowed Hitler to make laws without it having to go through the Reichstag?	The Enabling Act of march 1933 gave Hitler the power to make laws without the Reichstag's consent. This allowed Hitler to remove opposition and made a one party state just 4 months later.
What happened in June 1934 that changed the Nazis structure?	Rohm (head of the SA) wanted a revolution and the SA was strong enough to do it. Himmler (SS) heard of this and told Hitler. Hitler became very angry, ordered a meeting and then killed Rohm and 100 other SA leaders.
What did Hitler do after the Death of Himmler?	After Hindenburg's death in August 1934, Hitler made the army swear and oath to him and declared himself Fuhrer with 90% of votes in favour of Hitler.
The police state	The Police state
What was the SS and what was its use?	It was led by Himmler and were used for the removal of the opposition. It rose to 250,000 members in 1939.
When was the Gestapo set up and what was it`s use?	It was set up by Goering in 1933 but was taken over by Himmler in 1936. It was the only police force that could send political opponents to concentration camps.
When was the SD set up and what was their use?	It was set up by Himmler in 1931 and was tasked with identifying potential and actual opponents to the Nazi party and remove them.
How did the Nazis control the legal system?	They controlled it through the National socialist league for the maintenance of law. This meant that the Nazis could provide their beliefs to the cause
Name the opposition from the church?	The Catholics went against Hitler because they believed that the pope was the head of the church unlike the protestants who didn't mind Hitler as head of the church.
Why did many protestants not like Hitler as head of the church?	They believed that Hitler's beliefs are against the Christian beliefs and therefore created a separate group in order to eradicate Hitler from the head of the church.
What were the Nazi views towards women and why was this?	They believed that the women should be in the home and be the child bearers.. They wanted this because they wanted the birth rate to rise and create the third Reich
What was the law of Encouragement of marriage in 1933?	It was a loan for getting married
What censorship was used by Goebbels?	Books, Newspapers, radios and other such media had to be checked by Goebbels before it could be published.
What propaganda techniques were used by Goebbels?	posters, cheap radios and rallies were all used in order to keep the Nazi regime alive. The cheap radios were purposely cheap in order for them to only be able to pick up German radio stations.
How sis the Nazis control culture and arts? eg music, film	music- Jazz music banned and promoted traditional songs films- had a 45 min on greatness and each fil was checked. Modern art banned Arcitecture- Greek and Roman style buildings were introduced instead
Why did Hitler and the Nazi party look very favourable for Germany after 1933?	This was because Hitler had helped them a lot. For example, economic success had meant that the depression was beginning to fade.
How did the Edelweiss pirates show opposition to the Nazi regime?	First of all the children were not in Hitler youth. Secondly, they listened to forbidden music and wore clothes that weren't considered as very good to the Nazis.
How did the swing youth show opposition to the Nazi regime?	First of all the children were not in Hitler youth. They also took part in swing music and all things banned by the Nazis
Life in Nazi Germany, 1933-39	Life in Nazi Germany, 1933-39
What was the Nazi view on women and the family?	They should be the main care giver and should look after the home and the family whilst the man goes out and works
What where women encouraged to do in employment?	They where encouraged tor give up their jobs to get married and have lots of children to create the third reich
What law was introduced in 1933 to encourage women to leave their job and get married and have children?	The law for the encouragement of marriage which provided loans and increased them if they had children
Who was the ideal Nazi woman?	Blonde hair blue eyes and sturdily built with broad hips for childbearing. Slimming was also encouraged
Name some successes of the Nazi policies towards women?	married women in employment fell in the first few years marriage and birth increased German women's enterprise organised radio shows and classes to help women in the home
What where the failures in Nazi policies towards women?	women in employment increased many employers preffered women workleers because they where cheaper some women redented the loss of more professional jobs
What did teachers have to accept and what would happen if they didn't?	They had to accept and put across Nazi ideals or be sacked. They also had to join the Nazi teachers Association
How did the curriculum change?	It changed to put across key Nazi ideals and prepared students for their future roles.
What famous book was made a standardised test?	Mein Kampf
How was History changed?	The curriculum for history looked at Germanys great past and the Nazi party
How did the physical education curriculum change?	they made sure that the girls where fit enough for maternity and boys ready for the military service
How did they control the leisure time of the youth?	They closed down all other youth movements of other political parties and churches
What where the four types of youth movements and what ages where they for?	german young people for boys 10-13 Young Girls 10-14 Hitelr youth for boys 14-18 League of German maidens 14 - 18
What year was membership compulsory?	1936
What success was their in the control of German youth?	expanded from 5.4 million in 1936 to 7 million in 1939 many enjoyed it
What failures where their to the control of the German youth?	3 million young people had not joined Hitler youth by 1928 some found it boring
How did Hitler attempt to reduce the 6 million unemployed?	Job creation schemes such as employing people to make the autobahns. This helped goods to be transported easily and increased jobs. It also allowed troops to move quickly
What did the Reich Labour service?	The Reich Labour service provided young men with manual labour and it became compulsory for men to serve for six months from 1935. The men lived in camps, had low pay and had to do military training
What happened to people with disabilities?	The 1933 sterilisation law allowed the sterilisation of those who have a disability
What happened to homosexuals?	It remained illegal and the Nazis focus on raising a family meant that same sex couples where not tolerated and therefore gay men where sent to concentration camps
What happened to gypsies	Gypsies and Germans where not allowed to marry and 30,000 where removed
Name some early policies against the Jews?	1933 boycott of Jewish shops and Businesses' Jews were excluded from government jobs 1934, Jews banned from local parks
How did the Nuremburg Laws affect Jews?	The laws of 1935 was the time in which the Jews lost their citizenship, right to vote and hold government office. Marriages or relationships where banned between Germans
What happened on the night of the broken glass?	Jewish property and everything to do with their life was destroyed.

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Weimar Germany- Weimar constitution 1918-1929

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