11761842
Description
Flashcards by Mansi Trikha, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mansi Trikha
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Muscles Stabilizing and Moving the Shoulder Girdle | muscles closely associated with those of the upper arm -all insert on scapulae -one (trapezius) also inserts on clavicle |
| types of scapular movement | a. Elevation b. Depression c. Protraction (abduction) d. Retraction (adduction) e. Upward rotation f. Downward rotation |
| trapezius | a. Characteristics -Large triangular muscle of the superficial back b. Origins - Occipital bone -Ligamentum nuchae -Spines of thoracic (1-12) and 7th cervical vertebrae c. Insertion - Clavicle -Scapular spine -Acromion process d. Function -Clavicular portion: raises scapula, clavicle and shoulder -Scapular spine and acromion portion -. Middle fibers: retracts (adducts) scapula towards vertebral column - Lower fibers: depresses and pulls scapula downward - Synergists i. Levator scapulae ii. Rhomboideus |
| Serratus anterior | Origin -Outer surface of ribs 1-8 Insertion -Vertebral border of scapula c. Function -Protraction (abduction); upward rotation |
| Pectoralis minor | Origin - Sternal ends of ribs 2-5 Insertion -Coracoid process Function -Pulls scapula anteriorly |
| Muscles Stabilizing Scapulohumeral Joint and Moving Upper Arm | flexors, abductors, extensors, and rotators |
| pectoralis major (upper arm flexor) | Characteristics: -Large breast muscle over pectoralis minor Origin: -Sternal manubrum -Clavicle Insertion: -Lateral lip of humeral intertubercular groove Function: -Primary flexor and adductor -Medial rotation Synergists: - Coracobrachialis & Deltoid |
| Deltoid (abductor) | Characterisctics: -Large, thick, triangular muscle responsible for the roundness of shoulders Origin (same as insertion of trapezius): -Clavicle -Scapular spine -Acromion process Insertion: -Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Function: -Adduction, Flexor, Extensor |
| Supraspinatus (abductor) | Origin: -Supraspinator fossa of scapula Insertion: -Greater tubercle of humerus Function: -Assistant abductor -Superior border of musculotendinous cuff |
| Latissimus dorsi (extensor) | Characterisctics: -Wide triangular muscle of the lower back Origin: -Lower thoracic vertebrae Insertion: -Floor and medial wall of intertubercular groove of humerus Function: -Extension (e.g., swimming, rowing, climbing) |
| Teres major (assistant extensor) | Origin: -Scapular lateral border -Medial lip of intertubecular groove of humerus |
| Subscapularis (rotator) | -Scapular subscapular fossa 1 (scapula) Insertion: -Lesser tubercle of humerus Function: - Chief internal and medial rotator - Anterior border of musculotendinous cuff |
| Infraspinatus (rotator) | Origin: -Scapular infraspinator fossa Insertion: -Greater tubercle of humerus Function: -External or lateral rotator -Upper posterior border of musculotendinous cuff |
| Teres minor (rotator) | Origin: -Lateral border of scapula Insertion: -Greater tubercle of humerus Function: -External or lateral rotator -Lower posterior border of musculotendinous cuff |
| Muscles on Upper Arm and Moving Forearm at Elbow Joint | 1. Originate on pectoral girdle and humerus 2. Insert on humerus, radius and ulna 3. Compartments: -Anterior compartment: flexors -Posterior compartment: extensors |
| Biceps brachii (anterior upper arm compartment) | Origin: -Long head: supraglenoid tubercle -Short head: Scapular coracoid process Insertion: -Radial tuberosity (radius) Function: -Chief flexor of the arm at the elbow |
| Brachialis (anterior upper arm compartment) | Origin: -Anterior, lower 2/3 of humerus Insertion: -Coracoid process of ulna |
| Triceps brachii (extensors, posterior compartment) | Origin: -Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula -Lateral head: posterior lateral surface of humerus -Medial head: entire posterior surface of humerus Insertion: -Ulnar olecranon process -Olecranon bursa Function: -Chief extensor of arm at elbow joint |
| forearm muscles | 1. Muscles originate on distal humerus and proximal radius and ulna 2. Muscles insert on carpals, metacarpals and phalanges 3. Bulk of muscle located in proximal forearm 4. Tendons start in distal forearm 5. Compartments -Anterior compartment i. Flexors -Posterior compartment i. Extensors 6. Tendons are held in place at the wrist by the flexor retinaculum |
| wrist flexors (superficial) ; anterior compartment | Origin: epicondyle of humerus Insertions: -Flexor carpi radialis: base of the 2nd metacarpal -Palmaris longus: palm aponeurosis (deep fascia) -Flexor carpi ulnaris: carpals and 5th matacarpal |
| digit flexors (intermediate); anterior compartment | Origin: -Epicondyle of humerus -Ulnar and radial heads Insertion: -Flexor digitorum superficialis: middle phalanx, 2nd – 5th finger (see B) |
| deep digit flexors; anterior compartment | Origin: -Anterior shaft of ulna and radius Insertions: -Flexor digitorum profundus: distal phalanx, 2nd – 5th finger -Flexor pollicis longus: distal phalanx of pollex |
| extensors of wrist joint and digits; superficial, posterior compartment | Origin: common tendon that attaches to lateral humeral epicondyle Insertions (extensors of wrist joint): -Extensor carpi radialis longus: base of 2nd metacarpal -Extensor carpi radialis brevis: base of 3rd metacarpal -Extensor carpi ulnaris: base of 5th metacarpal Insertions (extensors of digits): -Extensor digitorum: middle, distal phalanx, 2nd – 5th finger -Extensor digitorum minimi: middle, distal phalanx, 5th finger |
| extensors of wrist joint and digits; deep, posterior compartment | Origin: posterior surface of ulna and radius Insertions: -Abductor pollicis longus (and brevis): base of 1st metacarpal -Extensor pollicis longus (and brevis): distal (and proximal) phalanx of polis -Extensor indicis: proximal phalanx of index finger |
| Supinator; deep, posterior compartment | Origin: -Lateral humeral eipcondyle -Proximal lateral ulna Insertion: -Proximal lateral radius |
| Pronator teres; anterior compartment, superficial | Origin: -Medial humeral epicondyle -Ulnar coronoid process Insertion: -Lateral radius |
| Pronator quadratus; intermediate, anterior compartment | Origin: -Anterior, distal ulna Insertion: -Anterior distal radius |
| Muscles that Stabilize and Move Thigh at the Hip | a. Flexion b. Extension c. Abduction d. Adduction e. Rotation (internal and external) |
| anterior hip muscles, movement at thigh (mainly flexors) | iliopsaos a. Major flexor of thigh b. Compound muscle i. Iliacus ii. Psoas c. Different origins i. Iliacus: iliac fossa ii. Psoas: transvers process of 12th thoracic thru 5th lumbar vertebrae d. Common insertion: lesser trochanter of femur |
| posterior hip muscles | Primarily extensors, abductors and rotators |
| Gluteus maximus | Origin: dorsal ilium Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur Action: chief extensor of thigh; raises body from sitting position; straightens leg during walking |
| Gluteus medius | Origin: lateral ilium Insertion: greater trochanter of femur Action: major abductor of the thigh |
| Gluteus minimus | Origin: external surface of ilium Insertion: greater trochanter of femur Action: major abductor of the thigh |
| Tensor fascia latae | Origin: outer ant. iliac creast Insertion: lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibia tract Action: abductor |
| 6 external rotators | 1. Piriformis 2. Obturator externus 3. Obturator internus 4. Gemellus i. Superior ii. Inferior 5. Quadratus femoris Origins: posterior portion of pelvis Insertions: greater trochanter of femur Actions: rotate thigh laterally and stabilize hip joint |
| Muscle of thigh moving leg at hip and knee joints | medial & posterior compartment |
| medial compartments | adductors, pectineus, gracilis, quads femoris, sartorius |
| Adductor magnus (medial compartment) | Origin: ischial and pubic rami Insertion: linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femor Action: adducts and laterally rotates |
| Adductor longus (medial compartment) | Origin: pubis Insertion: linea aspera of femor Action: adducts and laterally rotates |
| Adductor brevis (medial compartment) | Origin: pubic ramus Insertion: linea aspera of femor (above longus) Action: adducts and laterally rotates |
| Pectineus (medial compartment) | Origin: pubis Insertion: posterior aspect of femur Action: adducts, flexes and rotates thigh |
| Gracilis (medial compartment) | Origin: inf. ramus of pubis Insertion: medial surface of tibia Action: adducts thigh, flexes and rotates leg |
| Quadriceps femoris (medial compartment) | a. Rectus femoris b. Vastus lateralis c. Vastus medialis d. Vastus intermedius e. Insertions: patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Origins: i. Vastus muscles: proximal anterior femur shaft ii. Rectus femoris: anterior inf. iliac spine Actions: chief extensor at knee i. Rectus femoris: assistant flexor at hip |
| Sartorius (medial compartment) | Origin: ant. superior iliac spine Insertion: medial aspect of proximal tibia Action: flexes and laterally rotates thigh |
| three hamstring muscles (posterior compartment) | Biceps femoris, Semitendinosis, Semimembranous |
| Biceps femoris | Origins: ishial tuberosity (long head), distal femur (short head) Insertion: common tendon inserting into head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia Action: extends thigh, flexes knee, laterally rotates leg |
| Semitendinosis | Origin: ishial tuberosity Insertion: medial aspect of upper tibial shaft Action: extends thigh, flexes knee, medially rotates leg |
| Semimembranous | Origin: ishial tuberosity Insertion: medial condyle of tibia Action: extends thigh, flexes knee, medially rotates leg |
| leg muscles | Primary movements -Dorsal and plantar flexion -Inversion and eversion |
| Tibialis anterior (anterior compartment) | Origin: lateral condyle of tibia and upper tibial shaft Insertion: medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal Action: prime mover of dorsiflexion |
| Extensor digitorum (anterior compartment) | Origin: lateral condyle of tibia and proximal ¾ of fibula Insertion: 2nd and 3rd phalanges Action: dorsiflexion of foot; prime mover of toe extention |
| Peroneus (fibularis) tertius ; (anterior compartment) | Origin: distal anterior surface of fibula Insertion: lateral malleolus and 5th metatarsal Action: dorsiflexes and everts foot |
| Extensor hallucis (anterior compartment) | Origin: anteromedial fibula shaft Insertion: distal phalanx of great toe Action: extends great toe; dorsiflexes foot |
| Peroneus longus (lateral compartment) | Origin: upper portion of fibula Insertion: medial cunneiform and 1st metatarsal Action: plantar flexes and everts foot |
| Peroneus brevis (lateral compartment) | Origin: distal portion of anterior fibula shaft Insertion: 5th metatarsal Action: plantar flexes and everts foot (outwards) |
| Posterior compartment of leg muscles: calf muscles | Chief plantar flexors of foot and toes |
| Gastrocnemius (superficial, posterior) | Origin: medial and lateral condyles of femur Insertion: calcaneus Action: plantar flexes foot |
| Soleus (superficial, posterior) | Origin: superior tibia and fibula Insertion: calcaneus Action: plantar flexes ankle |
| Plantaris (superficial, posterior) | Origin: posterior femur Insertion: calcaneus Action: plantar flexes foot and assists in knee flexion |
| Flexor digitorum longus (deep, posterior) | Origin: tibial shaft Insertion: distal phalanx of 2nd thru 5th toes Action: plantar flexes and inverts foot |
| Flexor hallucis longus (deep, posterior) | Origin: fibular shaft Insertion: distal phalanx of great toe Action: plantar flexes and inverts foot |
| Tibialis posterior (deep, posterior) | Origin: upper portion of fibula and tibia Insertion: several tarsals and metatarsals Action: prime mover of foot inversion; plantar flexes ankle |
| Popliteus (deep) | i. Origin: lateral condyle of femur ii. Insertion: proximal tibia iii. Action: flexes and rotates leg medially |
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