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Chemistry Flash Cards

meeraf lakew Science Grade 9 English 55 cards

Cards in this deck (55)

  1. 1Particle Theory of Matter State one part-All matter is made up of tiny particles that are constantly moving
    -Theses particles determine what kind of matter something is
  2. 2What is Chemistry?Chemistry is the study of matter.
  3. 3What is Matter?Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
  4. 4What are substances made of?Substances are made up of ONE TYPE of particle.
  5. 5What is a Molecule?Molecules are particles that consist of two or more types of atoms.
  6. 6If the particles of a substance are molecules, what is that substance?A Compound; molecules make up compounds
  7. 7What are Mixtures?Mixtures are substances that are made up of TWO OR MORE types of particles (diff. atoms, diff. molecules, a combination of both.)
  8. 8Can particles in mixtures be broken down physically?Yes they can be broken down physically (i.e. without a chemical reaction) because they are not CHEMICALLY BONDED.
  9. 9What is a Homogeneous Mixture?A homogeneous mixture is a substance/mixture that consists of TRUE PARTICLES. (aka a solution). The particles are not chemically bonded, just mixed. The particles will never settle no matter what you do. (ex; Sugar Water)
  10. 10What is a solution?A solution contains one substance (solute) that is dissolved in another (solvent), aka Homogeneous Mixture. (ex; Sugar water)
  11. 11What does Homogeneous mean?Homogeneous means 'same throughout' meaning that the mixture looks the same all over.
  12. 12What is a Heterogeneous Mixture?A mixture that consists of things that are not true particles (aka Mechanical Mixture). There is no dissolving since that 'bits' that make up the mixture are larger that actual molecules. (ex; Raisin Bran)
  13. 13What is a Suspension?In a Suspension, bits of something are dispersed in a liquid, because the liquid is moving. Once the liquid stops moving, the 'bits' will settle due to gravity. A suspension is a type of Heterogenous Mixture. (Ex; Muddy Water)
  14. 14What is a Colloid?In a Colloid, the 'bits are extremely small, but are larger that atoms and molecules. The bits will NOT settle due to gravity, but can be separated by other methods. (ex; Milk, Butter, Paint, Fog, etc.)
  15. 15How do we tell apart from diff. types of matter?We can tell diff. types of matter apart because they have diff. characteristics or properties. These properties are either Physical or Chemical.
  16. 16What is a Physical Property?A physical property is one we can observe w/o changing what the matter is. The materials particles do not change when we observe the property. (ex; State, Colour, Melting/Freezing Point, Viscosity, Malleability, etc.)
  17. 17What is a Chemical Property?A Chemical property describes somethings reaction with something else. When things react, new materials are made, which means new types of particles are made. (ex; Reactivity, Combustibility, Toxicity.)
  18. 18Can Matter change its form?Matter can change from one from to another. These changes are called Physical or Chemical Changes.
  19. 19What is a Physical Change?In a Physical change, the material changes without changing what the material is. The materials particles do not change. (ex; boiling water, freezing/melting, bending/breaking, etc.)
  20. 20What is a Chemical Change?A Chemical change occurs when we observe a chemical property of something.
    (ex; Bubbles of gas, heat loss or gain, colour changes, light emission, etc.)
  21. 21Who is Democritus?400B.C.E. - Democritus was a Greek Philosopher who concluded (with no evidence) that a piece of matter could not be cut into pieces forever, he called the smaller piece of matter ATOM, from the greek word 'atoms' meaning 'invisible'. His idea was not widely accepted.
  22. 22Who is John Dalton?1803 - John Dalton concluded that Democritus was correct, which led to him developing the Atomic Theory of Matter.
  23. 23What is the Atomic Theory of Matter?- All elements consist of invisible, indestructible particles.
    -Atoms of the same element are exactly alike.
    - Atoms of diff. elements are diff.
    - Compounds are formed by the joining of two or more elements.
  24. 24Who is J.J. Thomson?1897 - J.J. Thomson found that there are negatively charged particles. He called them Electrons and said that they must have come from atoms. Thomson 'upgraded the model of the atom and an empty sphere to a sphere of positive charge, calle the 'Raisin Bun' model.
  25. 25Who is Ernest Rutherford?1908 - Rutherford discovered that the positive charge of an atom is concentrated in the centre of an atom and takes up little space. /he calls the centre the Nucleus. He upgraded Thomson model to a positive core with negative electrons surrounding it. (Called the 'Nuclear' model.)
  26. 26Who is Niels Bohr?1913 - Bohr discovered that the electrons are not randomly distributed around the nucleus, but rather in specific Energy Levels. he upgraded Rutherford model to the 'nuclear' model.
  27. 27What are the 3 main sub-atomic particles?Protons Neutrons and Electrons.
  28. 28What are Protons?Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom. All protons in the universe are the same. 1 proton = 1 AMU (atomic mass unit)
  29. 29How many protons would it take to make on gram of mass?6 times 10 to the power of 23
  30. 30What is an Atomic Number?An elements Atomic Number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. This number determines what kind of atom (element) it is. (ex; All hydrogen atoms have exactly 1 Proton in their nucleus, so Hydrogen's atomic number is 1.)
  31. 31What is a Neutron?A Neutron is a particle thats also found in the nucleus of an atom (no electric charge). All neutrons are the same. they are slightly heavier that protons, but still have a mass of 1 AMU.
  32. 32What is an Electron?Electrons are negatively charged particles that fly around the nucleus at high speed, in arranged energy levels/shells. Electrons are much smaller than protons or neutrons (1 electron = 1/1836 AMU).ELectrons
  33. 33Energy Levels/Shells-electrons are arranged in energy levels/shells
    -the shell closest to the nucleus can hold a max. of 2 electrons. every other shell can hold a max. of 8 electrons
    -the chemical properties of an element are determined by the electrons in its outer most shell, called the valence shell, which holds valence electrons.
  34. 34What are Isotopes?Isotopes are the difference 'forms' or 'versions' of an element. Every element has several isotopes.
    EX: Protium (regular hydrogen) has no neutron in its nucleus. Deuterium has 1 neutron in its nucleus. Tritium has 2 neutrons in its nucleus. these are examples of isotopes.
  35. 35What is Mass Number?The Mass # of an atom is found by adding the # of protons + the # of neutrons.
  36. 36What is an Atomic Mass?The Atomic Mass of an element is the average mass for the atoms of that element. This is why the masses given on the periodic table are decimal #'s.
  37. 37What is an Ion?An Ion is an atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons. If an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged. If an atom loses electrons, it becomes positively charged.
  38. 38How many kinds of atoms are there?There are about ~120 diff. kinds of atoms.
  39. 39Why do atoms combine to produce compounds?Atoms 'want' to be stable, so to achieve that, it must fill up its outermost (valence) shell is full or electrons. Since most atoms don't have full shells, they chemically bond with other atoms to fill it up.
  40. 40What are the 2 types of Chemical bonding?1) Ionic Bonding - One atom (the metal) will give away its electrons and the other (non-metal) will take those electrons. A new compound is made.
    2) Covalent Bonding - invites the sharing of electrons. The Valence shells of two atoms combine to for a bigger shell.Both atoms use the Electron pair. Occurs between two non-metals.
  41. 41What is a Chemical Symbol?A Chemical Symbol is a shorthand way of representing an element. These symbols are universal and are arranged o the Periodic Table. Each symbol consists of 1 or 2 letters from its derived name, some are from the elements original Latin name. (ex; Gold (Aurum)=Au, Lead(Plumbum) = Pb, Iron (Ferrum) = Fe
  42. 42What is a Chemical Formula?A Chemical Formula represents the combination of atoms that make up a compound, expressed by Chemical Symbols. (ex; Water = H20
  43. 43What is a Subscript?A Subscript is a number that shows how many atoms in a molecule of a compound (in the formula). They are always placed to the lower right of element they refer to.
  44. 44What is a Coefficient?A Coefficient is a number that shows if there is more than one molecule or atom. Coefficients sit in front of a chemical formula.
    (ex; 12 H20)
  45. 45What is a Chemical Reaction?A chemical reaction is represented by chemical formulas.
  46. 46What is a Chemical Equation?A Chemical Equation is Equation made by chemical formulas. The left side of the equation is where the reactions are, and the right side of the equations is the product. Chemical equations are not always balanced.
  47. 47What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?The Law of Conservation of Mass states that there must be the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. Matter can neither be added nor removed, only rearranged.
  48. 48What is the only thing you can do to balance an equation?Equations are not always balanced therefore the only way for you to balance them is to add Coefficients.
  49. 49How do you determine Fonic Formulas?1) Determine which to elements make up the compound.
    2) Determine what type of ion each element forms based on how many valence electrons it has and the fact that it 'wants' a full outer shell.
    3) 'Criss-Cross' the 2 subscripts.Drop the + & - signs.
    4) Reduce formula, if possible.
  50. 50What is on the Left side of the Periodic Table?The Left side consists of metals, which have certain common properties;
    -are ductile
    -maleable
    -have luster (shiny)
    - good conductors of heat/electricity
    -dense
    -always lose electrons when forming ionic bonds (form positive ions).
  51. 51What is on the Right side of the Periodic Table?The rIght side of the table contains non-metals which are:
    -brittle (break apart easily)
    -dull (not shiny, no cluster)
    -good insulators (poor conductors)
    -lower in density
    -gain electrons when forming ionic bonds (form negative ions).
  52. 52How many Columns and Rows does the Periodic Table have?The Periodic Table has 18 columns and 7 rows.
  53. 53Describe Columns.The columns are called groups or families because elements in the same column have similar properties. -they have the same # of valence electrons. -the column and element it is in indicates how reactive it is, -the closer an element is to the left or right edge of the table (excluding column 18) the more reactive it is.- in a column, the higher up the element, the more reactive it is.
  54. 54Describe Rows.The horizontal rows of the periodic table (7) are called periods.-Elements become less similar as you travel down a row.
  55. 55What 2 things make up the universe?Matter and Energy.

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Grade 9 Science Flashcards on Chemistry Flash Cards, created by meeraf lakew on 21/12/2017.
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