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Description
Flashcards by Izzy Noone, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Izzy Noone
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Plato (428-347 BCE) | A believer in the immortality of the soul. |
| The Phaedo | A book by Plato, which argues that the soul is immaterial and does not occupy space. |
| The Republic and Phaedrus | Two books in which Plato argues that the human soul is made up of three parts: the rational, the appetitive (your desires/ appetites) and the emotive (emotions). |
| Simmias | A character in the Phaedo who says that the relation between body and soul may be like that between a lyre and the music it produces. Socrates disputes this |
| Cebes | A character in the Phaedo who asks, couldn’t the relation between body and soul be like that between clothes and the wearer? |
| Aristotle (384–322 BCE) | Thought that the soul was the Form of the body, but in complete contrast to Plato, he merely thinks this means the organising principle. |
| De Anima (On the Soul) | The book in which Aristotle integrates his account of the soul with his theory of the four causes. |
| Active mind or Active intellect | The most controversial topic in De Anima. Aristotle suggests it could be immortal. |
| Substance Dualism | The idea that a human consists of a material body and an immaterial soul. |
| Rene Descartes (1596-1650). | In his Meditations (1641), a major proponent of substance dualism. |
| Disembodied consciousness | Human consciousness separate from the body. |
| Out Of Body Experiences (OOBEs) | Experiences of disembodied consciousness. |
| Near Death Experiences (NDEs) | Experiences of what happens to a person at or near death. |
| Materialism | In the philosophy of mind, the claim that mind can be exhaustively explained in terms of physical facts. |
| Mind-Brain Identity Theory | The idea that mind is nothing more than the brain. |
| Reincarnation | The idea that the human soul transmigrates from human body to body, as each body dies. A type of substance dualism. |
| Ockham’s Razor | A method of choosing between arguments or positions. States that ‘entities should not be multiplied needlessly’. |
| A category error | Occurs when someone takes the attributes properly belonging to one thing and talks about them as if they belong to another thing. |
| Gilbert Ryle | Author of The Concept of Mind (1949). Held that all references to the mind are really references to brain states. Invented the term ‘category error’. |
| ‘The Makropulos Case’ | A paper by Bernard Williams discussing the supposed downside of eternal life. |
| Richard Dawkins (1941- ) | Thinks that “soul” is just another word for “consciousness” and that scientists will eventually be able to understand it. |
| Is Science Killing the Soul? | The debate about the soul that Dawkins engaged in, giving rise to his notion of Souls One and Two. |
| “Soul One” | Dawkins’s term for “The principle of thought and action in man commonly regarded as an entity distinct from the body.” |
| “Soul Two” | Dawkins’s term for “the principle of life in man or animals - animate existence ... an entity close to what we usually call ‘consciousness’.” |
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