Flashcards
geo good
Cards in this deck (97)
- 1what are the three features of a map?1. Title
2. scale
3. legend - 2what is a title?a title instantly gives the viewer a short description of the map
- 3what is a scalea scale compares the distance between places on the map to real life
- 4what is a legenda legend is a decoder for the symbols on a map
- 5What is a thematic mapshows one type of information or theme, (the legend is used to show various categories )
- 6what is a topographic mapused to show vegetation cover and contour lines showing change in elevation. (the legend is used to show symbols)
- 7what is a general purpose mapused to show a simplified version of what actually exists. It usually shows street names and important businesses it also has color coding to show parks, business areas and major roads
- 8explain the rock types cycleIt starts with magma then it cools and crystallizes into igneous rock, due to weather it compacts into sedimentary rock then from pressure and heat it turns into metamorphic rock
- 9what is the Canadian sheidthe Canadian shied is very rocky has thin soil, rolling hills and lots of rivers and lakes
- 10what is the lowlandsthe lowlands is a flat plain that has thick soil, sedimentary rock and very few lakes or rivers
- 11what is the cordillerathe cordillera has lots of mountains, valleys and deep rivers
- 12what is the Appalachiansthe Appalachians is located in eastern North America. The mountains were formed by by two tectonic plates crashing together
- 13what is the plainsIs an area that is very diverse and flat
- 14what is PangaeaPangaea was once when all the plate tectonics were all one massive piece of land called Pangaea.
- 15how is a glacier formeda glacier is formed when winter snow falls but then when summer comes it is still to cold to melt the snow so it keeps repeating it self creating layers of dense ice.
- 16what is the impact glaciers have on landscapeglaciers impact the landscape by carving out valleys creating channels that collect water. It also erodes the rock leaving it smooth. It carries along debris and silt until it melts and leaves the debris in
- 17what does LOWER NEAR WATER stand forL- Latitude, since the earth is curved the sun's rays are spread over a larger area in northern and southern latitude s.
O- Ocean currents, warm ocean currents bring warm air. This explains why the U.K have a warmer climate than similar latitudes in central america.
W- Wind and air masses, wet air masses from over the great lakes, wind is formed when air masses move from high to low pressure.
E- Elevation, as air rises it becomes less dense and as the air molecules move more apart the air cools.
R- Relief, this is where air rises, cools and condenses, then when it gets over the mountain it sinks and warms.
Near Water- Proximity to large water bodies - 18what is a fossil fuela fossil fuel is a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms
- 19what is the definition of a renewable rosourceA resources that that can used repeatedly and our replaced naturally.
- 20what is the definition of a non-renewable resourceResources found inside the earth, that took millions of years to form (e.g. fossil fuels, oil, natural gas, coal)
- 21What is the definition of a flow resource(e.g. water, wind and sunlight) it must be used when and where the occur because they are neither renewable or non-renewable.
- 22What is sustainable useit is when we use our resources safely and efficiently so we don't run out of them for the future generations.
- 23why do we need to protect Canada's farm land from developmentWe need to protect it because there is only 0.5% of canada's land that is perfect for farming therefore we can't waste it because once we build on it we won't be able to get it back.
- 24What is clear cuttingClear cutting is when we harvest all the trees in an area even if they are not ready to harvest. This method is the most destructive but also the cheapest.
- 25What is shelter wood cuttingHarvesting all the trees in an area but leaving bands of trees to prevent soil erosion. This method is less destructive.
- 26What is selective cuttingHarvesting only individual trees, this is the least damaging method, but also the most expensive. The remaining trees reseed the area naturally.
- 27What are some reasons for the collapse of the east coast cod fisheryForeign over fishing
Domestic over fishing
Water temperatures changing - 28What are the Advantages and disadvantages of fossil fuels and how does it workAdvantages- They create energy for us. They also fuel our lives, they make it possible to fuel your car and home.
Disadvantages- They are obviously very important to us but they take millions and millions of years to replenish themselves. Also it pollutes the air, when it burns it emits many pollutants that are harmful to the environment and public health.
How it works: fossil fuel power plants burn carbon fuels such as coal, oil or gas to generate steam that drives large turbines that produce electricity. These plants can electricity reliable over a long period of time. - 29What are the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy and how does it workAdvantages- it reduces the amount of energy generated from fossil fuels. Witch means less air pollution.
Disadvantages- they take millions of years to replenish themselves, and if there's an accident, large amounts of radioactive material could be released into the environment. In addition nuclear waste remains radioactive for thousand of years.
How it works- The difference is in how the heat is created. Power plants that run on fossil fuels burn coal, oil or natural gas to generate heat. In a nuclear energy plant, heat is produced from splitting atoms- a process called nuclear fission. - 30What are the advantages and disadvantages of hydro energy and hoe does it workAdvantages- hydro power is fueled by water, so it's a clean fuel source, meaning it won't pollute the air like power plants that burn fossil fuels.
Disadvantages- Because you have to create a dam for hydro energy to be formed it can affect the change in water flow which has an effect on the fish and other aquatic animals. Also it takes a long time to set up and create the dam.
How it works- the most common type of hydroelectric power plant uses a dam on a river to store water in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning it, witch in turn activates a generator to produce electricity. - 31what are the advantages and disadvantages of solar energy and hoe does it workAdvantages- solar energy is renewable( you save money) it is not harmful to the environment.
Disadvantages- Solar panels are expensive at first. Also it is weather dependent.
How it works- When the suns rays shines on the solar panels the electricity is created then transforms into energy. - 32What are the advantages and disadvantages of wind energy and how does it workAdvantages- wind is a renewable energy resource and there our no fuel cost. And no harmful pollution is produced.
Disadvantages- Wind farms our noisey and may spoil the view for people living near them.
How it works- Advantages- wind turbines with 2 or 3 propeller like blades that get spun by the wind witch spins the generator creating energy. - 33what is a primary industry(extraction industry) an industry that focuses on produces or extracting natural resources. This sector includes forestry, agriculture, mining and fishing.
- 34what is a secondary industryan industry that focuses on making things using the products of primary industries. This sector includes manufacturing, construction and utilities.
- 35what is a tertiary industry(services industry) an industry that focuses on providing services. This sector includes “everything else” that in not included in primary or secondary industries.
- 36what is a raw materialA substance used in the manufacture of a product.
- 37what is a knowledge based industrymanufacturing based on the ideas, knowledge, and skills of a well educated workforce.
- 38what is globalizationthe process by which something is done at a global, rather then a national or local level.
- 39what is 'just in time delivery'the idea where the product arrives as it is needed.
- 40what are the 7 factors affecting factory location1. Location of the customers
2. Proximity of raw materials
3. Availability of freshwater and/or power
4. Labor supply
5. Transportation
6. Political factors
7. Circumstance - 41what is free tradetrade without tax between 2 or more countries.
- 42what is a tariffA tariff is a tax on imports or exports between sovereign states
- 43what are the befits of free tradeneeds of the canadian market can be easily met with products made in the U.S and mexico (NAFTA) or elsewhere.
Few very large factories for companies (cheaper)
Access to huge export markets - 44what are the draw backs of free tradeloss of jobs (canadian) by factories that are out of country.
Clear winners and losers
Foreign companies can replace canadian companies - 45what is an immigranta person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country
- 46what is an emigranta person who leaves their own country in order to settle permanently in another country.
- 47what is birth ratethe birth rate is the total number of live births per 1,000 of a population in one year or period
- 48what is immigration ratethe net migration rate is the difference between the number of immigrants (the people coming into an area) VS the number of emigrants (people leaving an area) throughout the year.
- 49what is emigration ratethe number of emigrants departing an area of origin per 1000 population in that area of origin in a given year.
- 50what is population growth ratethe rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time period, expressed as a fraction of the initial population
- 51what are push and pull factorsPush and pull factors are those factors which either forcefully push people into migration or attract them. A push factor is forceful, and a factor which relates to the country from which a person migrates. It is generally some problem which results in people wanting to migrate.
- 52what is a push factorleaving for your own safety
few opportunities
political fear or persecution
religious persecution - 53what is a pull factorbetter education and job prospects
politically stable
religious freedom - 54what is a skilled worker classskilled workers are defined by citizenship and immigration Canada as people selected based on their education, work experience, knowledge of English and /or french, and other criteria that have been shown to help them become economically established in Canada.
- 55what is a skilled trade classa tradesman, trades person or skilled tradesman refers to a worker who specializes in a particular occupation that requires work experience, on-the-job training, and often formal vocational education, but often not a bachelors degree.
- 56what is a Canadian experience classaka the (CEC) is an immigration category for canadians foreign workers who wish to become permanent residents. Temporary foreign workers our ideal candidates for canadian immigration (permanent residents)
- 57what is a start up visaa temporary conditional residence permit in different countries. It aims at introducing a visa category for entrepreneurs raising outside funding and converts to a permanent residency visa if certain conditions are met.
- 58what is family classcan be defined as a class of persons who may become permanent residents on the basis of the requirement provided under the Act.
- 59what is a refugee classAll countries must accept international refugees (fear of their safety)
- 60what is a population pyramidA type of graph that shows population distribution by age and gender.
- 61what is dependency loadThe percentage of the population that is non-working (younger than 15, older than 65)
- 62how do you calculate birth rateDivide the number of births in one year by the total population. Then multiply the results by 1000.
- 63how do you calculate death rateDivide the number of deaths in one year by the total population. Then multiply the results by 1000.
- 64how do you calculate natural increaseFound by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate. Then divide the result by 1000. Finally multiply the result by 100.
- 65how do you calculate immigration rateDivide the number of immigrants arriving to a country by a country's total population. Then multiply the results by 1000.
- 66how do you calculate emigration rateDivide the number of people emigrating from a country by a country’s total population. Then multiply the results by 1000.
- 67how do you calculate net migrationSubtract immigration rate from emigration rate, then divide results by 1000. Finally multiply result by 100
- 68how do you calculate population growthnatural increase plus net migration.
- 69why has the Canadian population been slowly increasingThe canadian population is slowly increasing because of how many people are coming in comparison to leaving, and how many births in comparison to deaths.
- 70what is total fertility ratetotal fertility rate is the average number of children a woman would have if a she survives all her childbearing (or reproductive) years. Childbearing years are considered age 15 to 49.
- 71what is the fragile stateA fragile state is a low-income country characterized by weak state capacity and/or weak state legitimacy leaving citizens vulnerable to a range of shocks.
- 72what are the four stages of the demographic transition modelStage 1: Pre-transition
Characterised by high birth rates, and high fluctuating death rates.
Population growth was kept low by Malthusian "preventative" (late age at marriage) and "positive" (famine, war, pestilence) checks.
Stage 2: Early transition
During the early stages of the transition, the death rate begins to fall.
As birth rates remain high, the population starts to grow rapied
Stage 3: Late transition
Birth rates start to decline.
The rate of population growth decelerates
Stage 4: Post-transition
Post-transitional societies are characterised by low birth and low death rates.
Population growth is negligible, or even enters a decline. - 73what is livabilitythe sum of the factors that add up to a community's quality of life—including the built and natural environments, economic prosperity, social stability and equity, educational opportunity, and cultural, entertainment and recreation possibilities.
- 74what is sustainabilitythe property of biological systems to remain diverse and productive indefinitely. Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests are examples of sustainable biological systems
- 75what is land useLand use involves the management and modification of natural environment or wilderness into built environment such as settlements and semi-natural habitats such as arable fields, pastures, and managed woods
- 76what are the 6 different types of landResidential Land Use. Where people live includes low density (houses), medium density (townhouses) and high density (apartment buildings) ...
Transportation Land Use. Takes up 33% of urban areas. ...
Commercial Land Use. is real estate intended for use by for-profit businesses
Industrial Land Use. the use of a piece of land for industrial purposes, eg. manufacturing. Normally "heavy" industrial uses are where large pieces of land is required and pollution
Open space is any open piece of land that is undeveloped (has no buildings or other built structures) and is accessible to the public. - 77what are the percentages of each land use types-Transportation Land Use (a third of land use in cities)
-Residential Land Use (depends on land cost)
- Institutional and Public Buildings (10% of land use)
-Open Space and Recreational Land Use (7% of urban land)
-Industrial Land Use (6% city land use)
-Residential Land Use (depends on land cost) - 78what is urbanizationThe process of making an area more urban.
- 79what is urban sprawlUrban sprawl describes the expansion of human populations away from central urban areas into low-density, monofunctional and usually car-dependent communities, in a process called suburbanization.
- 80what is a greenbeltThe Greenbelt is a permanently protected area of green space, farmland, forests, wetlands, and watersheds
- 81what are the three E'sEnvironmental, Economic, Equity
- 82what is an economic issueIt is often said that the central purpose of economic activity is the production of goods and services to satisfy our changing needs and wants. The basic economic problem is about scarcity and choice
- 83what is an environmental issueEnvironmental issues are harmful effects of human activity on the biophysical environment. Environmental protection is a practice of protecting the natural environment on individual
- 84what is an equity issuedue to the area were some people are living (like the slums) sometimes people will resort to more crime. It is also harder to get better healthcare in these areas due to the low income.
- 85what does a greenbelt protectThe Greenbelt protects environmentally sensitive land and farmlands
- 86what is the largest greenbelt in Ontariothe golden horseshoe
- 87what is a sustainable communitycommunities planned, built, or modified to promote sustainable living. Sustainable communities tend to focus on environmental and economics, sustainability, urban infrastructure, social equity, and municipal government.
- 88describe the concept and give a few example of how we can create a sustainable communityA sustainable community is one that is economically, environmentally, and socially healthy. It meets challenges through integrated solutions rather than through fragmented approaches that meet one of those goals at the expense of the others. Eat local, start a compost pile, Refine your means of travel, create a community garden, Start recycling, give up bottled water, and conserve energy use
- 89what is an ecological footprintthe impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources.
- 90what is an environmental performance indexThe Environmental Performance Index (EPI) is a method of quantifying and numerically marking the environmental performance of a state's policies.
- 91why do we measure sustainability and livabilityThe government measure both of them to know how much money they need, and where to spend it.
Business do it to see if there company will survive in the community. - 92what are the three types of maps?- thematic
- topographic
- general purpose - 93what is Latitudes affect on climate?the angle the sun shines on the earth affects temperature. the further away from the equator the colder it gets.
- 94what is ocean currents effect on climate?Ocean currents heat up or cool down the air above. heating or cooling the climate in the area.
- 95what is wind and air masses affect on climate?W- Wind and air masses, wet air masses from over the great lakes, wind is formed when air masses move from high to low pressure.
- 96what is elevations effect on climate?E- Elevation, as air rises it becomes less dense and as the air molecules move more apart the air cools.
- 97what is relife affect on climateR- Relief, this is where air rises, cools and condenses, then when it gets over the mountain it sinks and warms.
Near Water- Proximity to large water bodies
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- 9th grade Geography Flashcards on geo good, created by Justin Marcoux on 28/01/2018.
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- Justin Marcoux · Jan 2018
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- Apr 7, 2018
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- Created by Abbie Hinton-Cannard · Jan 28, 2018
- Copied by Justin Marcoux · Jan 28, 2018
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