Flashcards
Rocks
Cards in this deck (27)
- 1What are rocks?Complex aggregate of minerals
- 2How are rocks categorized?-Based upon their origin:
Igneous
Metamorphic
Sedimentary - 3What are the common rock textures?Crystalline - closely interlocking crystals
Clastic - grains originally lose (cemented together)
Foliated - crystals aligned into ~parallel bands or stripes.
Glassy - no crystals (ex. obsidian)
Vesicular/Frothy - Holes that were originally gas bubbles in lava. - 4How do igneous rocks form?Cooled and crystallized from hot, molten rock (lava/magma) (ex. Granite, Rhyolite, Basalt, Gabbro)
- 5Extrusive vs IntrusiveExtrusive: Formed at or near the surface or on seafloor
Intrusive: Formed deep underground - 6What do felsic & mafic mean?Felsic = Light (rich in SiOsub2 and K and Na)
Mafic = Dark (poor in SiOsub2, rich in Ca & Fe & Mg) - 7Are fossils common in igneous rocks?Fossils are extra rare.
- 8In what igneous rocks would you expect to find fossils?Usually in Basalt Lava flows.
- 9How do sedimentary rocks form?Solidification of loose sediments
- 10Where do sediments come from?Weathering and erosion of any type of rock (clastic texture)
- 11How do siliciclastic sedimentary rocks form?idk
- 12Examples of siliciclastic sedimentary rocks?Conglomerate & Breccia
Sandstone
Siltstone
Shale - 13How do biogenic sedimentary rocks form?Compression of once-living organisms.
- 14Examples of biogenic sedimentary rocks?Coal (swamp)
Limestone (ocean)
Chalk (moderately deep ocean env.) - 15How do chemical sedimentary rocks form?Natural chemical reactions (crystalline)
- 16Where do the sediments come from? (Chemical)Different minerals
- 17Examples of chemical sedimentary rocks?Rock salt (Halite) & Rock gypsum (gypsum CaSOsub4 x 2Hsub2O)(Evaporites)
Dolostone (~dolostone [fizzes when powered]) - 18What is lithification (diagenesis)?Process of turning loose sediments into hard sedimentary rock.
- 19What is the process of lithification?Deposition, burial, compaction, dewatering, and cementation of sediments.
- 20Sedimentary rocks make up what portion of the crust?A small portion (about ~8%)
- 21Are fossils common in sedimentary rocks?Yes! Good ones are usually in limestone and shale.
- 22How do metamorphic rocks form?Intense alteration of previously existing rocks by heat and/or pressure and/or chemical alteration
- 23What are some examples of metamorphic rocks?Gneiss,
Marble,
Schist,
Slate,
Quartzite - 24What does high-grade metamorphism & low-grade metamorphism mean?High-grade = lots of heat and pressure
Low-grade = little heat and pressure - 25What are some common types of metamorphism?Regional - intense over a large area by plate tectonic processes.
Contact - Intense alteration by the heat of nearby lava or magma. - 26Are fossils common in metamorphic rocks?Scarce to rare. Usually in low-grade metamorphic rocks (slate [low-grade shale]).
- 27What is the rock cycle?The transformation of one kind of rock into another.
Information
- Description
- The three types of rocks in packet 1
- Created by
- Jake Fredrickson
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