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Description
Flashcards by Sara. H S., updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sara. H S.
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Why are humans multicellular? | Humans are complex organisms and therefore they need multiple cells to do different important tasks through out the human body. |
| Give examples of different types of cells: | Examples of cells include: keratinocytes, melanocytes, neurons and measures. |
| What is a tissue? | A tissue is a compilation of multiple similar cells that do a specific task for the body. |
| What is structure made up of a combination of multiple tissues to do a certain tasked referred to? | An organ |
| Give six examples of organ systems: | 1. respiratory system 2. excretory system 3. digestive system 4. skeletal system 5. circulatory system 6. reproductive system |
| Define the term: D I G E S T I O N | the process of which food is broken down by the body into a useable form, making its nutrients available. |
| What is the term used for the pathway that the food takes through a series of organs (from the mouth to the anus)? | the digestive tract |
| What are the two types of digestion? | Mechanical and chemical digestion. |
| What is mechanical digestion? | When food is cut up into smaller pieces in your mouth. It does not change the substance itself, but rather it's physical appearance. |
| What is chemical digestion? | The breaking down of complex chemicals into simpler ones by your saliva and gastric juices for your body to absorb. This changes the substance itself. |
| What type of digestion is biting and chewing? | Mechanical digestion |
| What are the four types of teeth? | incisors, canines, premolars and molars. |
| What is the job if the incisors? | To bite of small enough pieces to chew. |
| Do the incisors serve any purpose? | no |
| What is the oesophagus/foodpipe? | a long muscular tube that starts at your mouth and ends at your stomach. |
| What is the name of the process of the muscular walls of the oesophagus contracting to get the bolus (ball of food) down the throat? | Peristalsis |
| What is your epiglottis? | A flap of skin that closes the end of your windpipe when you swallow? |
| What are rings of muscle called? | Sphincters |
| True or False: The stomach is an organ shaped like a bag and can therefore store food for up to six hours. | True |
| What is gastric juice made out of? | hydrochloric acid (strong acid that kills germs) , mucus (lines stomach to stop it from digesting itself) and digestive juices (kick starts the digestion of proteins). |
| If the small intestine is six metres long, why is it called 'small'? | The small intestine has a diameter of three centimetres so it is referred to as 'small'. |
| Name two parts of the small intestine? | The duodenum and the ileum |
| Is the pancreas apart of the digestive tract? What does it do? | The pancreas is not apart of the digestive tract but it produces pancreatic juice to digest fats, proteins and carbohydrates (starches and sugars). |
| What is the liver? | The largest internal organ. It gets rid of toxins from the body. |
| What is bile? | A greenish liquid that is responsible for the mechanical digestion of fats. |
| What are the villi? | Microscopic fingers that line the ileum. |
| Within the villi are tiny blood vessels called capillaries and they (both the villi and the capillaries) have cell-thin walls. What purpose does this serve? | These thin walls allow nutrients such as fatty acids and glycerol, amino acids and glucose to easily travel from the digestive system to the blood system. |
| What makes the large intestine 'large'? What does it do? | The large intestine may only be one point five metres long but it's width of six to seven metres makes up for that. The large intestine, water from the remains of the food and any remaining nutrients are given to the body. The waste form lumps of faeces called stools. |
| What is the anus? | The anus is a sphincter muscle at the end of your digestive tract where your faecal matter comes out. |
| How much of a lump of faeces is water? | 60% |
| Give me four types of digestive disorders: | Vomiting, diarrhoea, heartburn and appendicitis. |
| What purpose does the appendix have in the body? | The appendix houses useful bacteria that are important for the development of an immune system in babies. |
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