Flashcards

Unit 5 - periodicity

jasmin.sahota English 101 cards

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1From the period 3 elements, sodium, magnesium and aluminium are metallic. what does this mean?they are shiny when freshly exposed to air
conduct electricity
react with dilute acids to give hydrogen and salts
2silicon is asemi-metal
3if something is a semi-metal what does this meanit conducts electricity to some extent
it is good for semi-conductor devices
4phosphorous,sulfur and chlorine are typicalnon-metals
5do non-metal conduct electricityno
6do non-metal have high or low melting and boiling points?low
7argon is anoble gas
8noble gases arechemically unreactive and exist as separate atoms
9what type of reaction are all the elements in period 3?redox reactions
10why are the period 3 elements all redox reactions?because every element starts with a oxidation state of zero and ends up with a positive or negative oxidation state
11which period 3 elements react with water?sodium and magnesium are the only metals
chlorine is the only non-metal.
12sodium and water reactvigorously
13describe what you see when sodium reacts with watersodium floats on the top of the surface of the water, and fizzes rapidly.
the sodium melts because of the heat given out by the reaction.
14what is formed from the reaction of sodium with water?a strongly alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide (pH13-14)
15write the equation of the reaction with sodium and water showing the changes in oxidation states
16describe the reaction of magnesium and watervery very slow! only a few bubbles of hydrogen are formed after some days
17what is the result of the reaction of sodium with water?is less alkaline than sodium and water reaction, as magnesium hydroxide is only sparingly soluble, pH of around 10.
18write the reaction of magensium and water, showing changes in oxidation states.
19how can you make the reaction of magnesium and water faster?by using heated magnesium and steam
20what are the products of heated magnesium and steam reacting together?magnesium oxide and hydrogen
21give the equation of heated magnesium and steam, showing the changes in oxidation state
22in the reaction of water with sodium/magnesium is a redox one. what oxides and what reduces?the oxidation state of the metal increases
the oxidation state of the hydrogen decreases
23which elements in period 3 react with oxygen?all of them except argon
24reactions of elements from period 3 with oxygen are allexothermic
25describe sodium and oxygen reactionsodium burns brightly in air with a yellow flame
26what is the product of sodium with oxygen?white sodium oxide
27write the equation if sodium with oxygen?
28describe magnesium with oxygen reactiona strip of Mg ribbon burns in air with a bright white flame
29what is the product of magnesium and oxygen?a white powder of magnesium oxide is produced
30to make the flame more intense, what should you do?lower the burning magnesium into a gas jar of oxygen
31write the equation of magnesium with oxygen
32what happens to the oxidation states of magnesium and oxygen when they react together?magnesium's oxidation state has increased
oxygen's oxidation state reduces
33describe aluminium with oxygen reactionaluminium powder is heated and then lowered into a gas jar of oxygen.
it brightly burns, to give a white powder
34the white powder produced when aluminum is reacted with oxygen is...aluminium oxide
35the equation for aluminum oxide and oxygen is....
36aluminium is a reactive metal but appears to be unreactive.. why?because it is always coated with a strongly bonded surface layer of oxide.
this protects is from further reaction
37aluminium is used in everyday products such assaucepans, garage doors, window frames
38even is aluminum's surface is scratched, why is it not reactive then?because the exposed aluminium reacts rapidly with the air and seals off the surface
39when will silicon form silicon oxide?when it is heated strongly in oxygen
40write the equation of silicon with oxygen and show changing oxidation states
41There are two types of Phosphorus, what are they?red, and white
42before reacting red phosphorus with oxygen, what must you do?it must be heated
43how does white phosphorus react with oxygen?white phosphorus spontaneously ignites in air and the white smoke of phosphorus pentoxide is given off
44red and white phosphorus areallotropes, meaning they are the same element but the atoms are arranged differently
45write the equation of phosphorus with oxygen showing the changing oxidation numbers
46if the supply of oxygen is limited in the reaction between phosphorus and oxygen, what else is produced?Phosphorus trioxide, P2O3, is also formed alongside phosphorus pentoxide
47which period 3 elements are metallicsodium, magnesium and aluminium
48describe the reaction between sulfur and oxygenburns with a blue flame to form a colourless gas
49describe how the reaction takes place between sulfur and oxygenthe sulfur powder is heated and lowered into a gas jar of oxygen
50draw the equation of sulfur and oxygen showing the changing oxidation states
51in all reactions between period 3 elements and oxygen, what gets oxidised and what gets reduced?the period 3 element increases in oxidation state and that of oxygen decreases in oxidation state.
52as move from left to right of the period 3 elements, what happen to the oxidation number?it increases
53the melting points of metal oxides arehigh!
as sodium, magnesium and aluminium are formed by a metal combined to a non-metal.
therefore this means that they form giant ionic lattices where the bonding extends through the compound
54the type of bonding in aluminium is...mainly ionic but has some covalent character
55the covalent characteristics of the aluminium bonding is becausealuminum forms very small ions with a large positive charge and so can approach closely to the O2- and distort it's electron cloud.
56the greater the difference in electronegativitiesthe greater the ionic character of the bond
57if the difference in electronegativities is 0 then what does this mean about its bonding.it means it is 100% covalent
58what is the bonding in silicon oxide?giant covalent (macro molecular)structure.
this bonding is throughout the structure
59does silicon oxide have a high or low melting point?high, as many strong covalent bonds must be broken
60draw what pure ionic bonding looks like...
61draw what distortion in ionic bonding looks like...
62draw what some degree of covalent bonding looks like in Aluminium oxide
63phosphorus oxide is solide. name the intermolecular forces in itweak van der Waals, and dipoli-dipole forces
64the melting points of phosphorus are fairlylow
65what state are sulfur dioxide and trioxidegases
66draw a table showing the oxides of the period 3 elements telling us their bonding and structure
67which oxides are bases?sodium and magnesium
68sodium oxides reacts with water to givesodium hydroxide solution
69write the equation of the reaction between sodium oxide and water
70magnesium oxide reacts with water to producemagnesium hydroxide
71write the equation for magnesium oxide and water
72which oxides are insoluble?aluminium oxide and silicon dioxide
73acidic oxides are formed fromnon-metal on the right hand side of the periodic table
74how does phosphorus pentoxide react with water? and what does it produce?react quite violently
to produce and acidic solution of Phosphoric acid
75write the equation showing phosphorus reacting with water
76H2PO4(aq) ionies in stages, the first being...
77sulfur dioxide is fairly soluble in water, and reacts to give anacidic solution of sulfuric acid
78sulfuric acid partially dissociates producing a H+ ion, which causes the acidity of the solution
79how does sulfur trioxide react with water? and what does it produce?it reacts violently to produce sulfuric (VI) acid
80the equation for sulfur trioxide and water is
81what is the overall pattern of reactions of period 3 oxides with water?metal oxides (left of the periodic table) form alkaline solutions in water, non-metal oxides (on the right) for acidic ones, while those in the middle do not react
82draw a table that summaries the oxides in water
83what is the general pattern of the period 3 oxides? and how they react with water?because it contains the O2- ion. which is a very strong base and readily reacts with water to produce hydroxide ions
84why does sodium oxide with water produce more alkaline solution than magnesium oxide?because magnesium oxide is less soluble that sodium oxide
85why does aluminium oxide not react?because the bonding is too strong to be separated due to the additional covalent bonding on top of the ionic bonding
86silicon dioxide will not react becauseit is a giant macro molecule, and water will not affect this type of structure
87phosphorus and sulfur oxides react with water becausethey are covalent molecules and react with water to form acid solutions
88sodium and magnesium oxide react to give..salt and water only
89sodium oxide reacts with sulfuric acid to give ...
90magnesium oxide react with HCl to give...
91aluminium reacts with bothacids and bases
92aluminium oxide with HCL gives us
93aluminium oxide with hot conc sodium hydroxide gives us
94silicon dioxide will react as aweak acid with strong bases
95silicon dioxide with hot concentrated sodium hydoxide produces
96the reaction of Phosphorus pentoxide, P4O10,is the same as the reaction of phosphoric acid,
as phosphorus pentoxide with water forms phosphoric acid
97phosphoric acid has threeO - H group, each with an acidic H atom.
98phosphoric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide in 3 stages, where each H in turn reacts with a hydroxide ion, and is replaced by a Na ion
99the overall reaction for Phosphorus pentoxide with sodium hydroxide is..
100when we add sodium hydroxide to sulfur dioxide we first formsodium hydrogensulfate
followed by sodium(IV) sulfate
101the equations for sulfue dioxide and NaOH is