Flashcards
Upper Limb Joints
Cards in this deck (48)
- 1What are the 5 joints of the shoulder?• Sternoclavicular
• Acromioclavicular
• Glenohumeral
• Subacromial space
• Scapulothoracic joint - 2List the true joints of the shoulder.• Sternoclavicular
• Acromioclavicular
• Glenohumeral - 3List the functional articulations (fake joints) of the shoulder.• Subacromial space
• Scapulothoracic joint - 4What is the subacromial space?A space lined with subacromial and subdeltoid bursae that allows gliding between the acromion and rotator cuff
- 5What is the scapulothoracic joint?Loose connective tissue between the subscapularis and serratus anterior muscles that allows gliding of the scapula on the chest wall
- 6What are the characteristics of the sternoclavicular joint?➢ Synovial
➢ Incongruent
➢ Ball-and-socket
➢ Multi-axial - 7Describe the Joint capsule of the sternoclavicular joint➢ A Fibrous capsule
➢ A fibro-cartilaginous intra-articular disc
➢ Weak inferiorly - 8What are the articular surfaces of the sternoclavicular joint?Sternal end of Clavicle
Clavicular Notch of the Sternum (Manubrium) - 9Describe the intra-articular structures of the sternoclavicular joint and state their functions?➢ A complete, intra-articular, fibrocartilaginous disc dividing two synovial cavities
➢ Disk is flat and round, being thinner centrally, where it may perforate and permit communication between cavities
➢ Attached at circumference of the joint, supramedial of clavicle and inferior of first costal cartilage
Function
o Compensates for the incongruity of the joint surfaces
o Holds sternal end of clavicle firmly against sternum
o Prevents superior and inferior gliding along the sternochondral surface - 10What are the Ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint?• Anterior sternoclavicular
• Posterior sternoclavicular
• Costoclavicular
• Interclavicular - 11Describe the anterior Sternoclavicular ligament and state its function.➢ Capsular
➢ Oblique
➢ Reinforced by tendinous origin of sternomastoid
Functions:
o Strengths/supports sternoclavicular joint anteriorly
o Prevents Anterior dislocation of Clavicle - 12Describe the posterior Sternoclavicular ligament and state its function.➢ Capsular
➢ Oblique
➢ Reinforced by sternohyoid
Functions:
o Strengths/supports sternoclavicular joint posteriorly
o Prevents Posterior dislocation of Clavicle - 13Describe the Costoclavicular ligament and state its function.➢ Accessory ligament
➢ Extracapsular
➢ Bilaminar – two layers separated by bursa
➢ Cruciate arrangement of fibres
Functions:
o Limits elevation of clavicle
o Prevents excessive anterior and posterior movement of clavicle
o Prevents superior dislocation of clavicle
o Limits retraction & protraction & elevation
o Provides stability of joint - 14Describe the Interclavicular ligament and state its function.➢ Capsular
➢ Formed by fibres passing across the jugular notch
Functions:
o Strengths/supports sternoclavicular joint superiorly
o Prevents Lateral dislocation - 15What are the characteristics of the Acromioclavicular joint?• Synovial
• Multi-axial
• Plane
• Incongruent - 16Describe the Joint capsule of the Acromioclavicular joint.• Loose, fibrous capsule
• Parallel
• Reinforced by fibres of Trapezius, and superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments - 17What are the articular surfaces of the Acromioclavicular joint?Acromial facet of Clavicle
A Concave facet on anteromedial border of Acromion - 18Describe the intra-articular structures of the Acromioclavicular joint and state their functions?Synovial membrane lines inner surface of capsule attaching to articular surfaces
A Partial, fibrocartilaginous, intra-articular disc
Compensates for incongruity of between joint surfaces - 19What are the Ligaments of the Acromioclavicular joint?➢ Superior Acromioclavicular
➢ Inferior Acromioclavicular
➢ Coracoclavicular (Trapezoidal part)
➢ Coracoclavicular (Conoid part) - 20Describe the Superior Acromioclavicular ligament and state its function.Capsular
- 21Describe the Inferior Acromioclavicular ligament and state its function.Capsular
- 22Describe the Coracoclavicular (Conoid part) ligament and state its function.➢ Extra-capsular
➢ Accessory ligament
➢ Horizontal
➢ Vertical & posteromedial
Function:
o Strengthens acromioclavicular joint
o Restrain opposite movement of scapula in relation to clavicle
o Limits anterior movement of scapula
o Prevents superior dislocation of clavicle
o Limits protraction of scapula
o Produces posterior axial rotation of clavicle - 23Describe the Coracoclavicular (Trapezoidal part) ligament and state its function.➢ Extra-capsular
➢ Accessory ligament
➢ Horizontal
➢ Oblique & anterolateral
Function:
o Strengthens acromioclavicular joint
o Restrain opposite movement of scapula in relation to clavicle
o Limits posterior movement of scapula
o Limits anteromedial gliding of Scapula
o Limits retraction of scapula
o Prevents superior and lateral dislocation of clavicle - 24What type of Joint is the Glenohumeral joint?• Synovial
• Multi-axial
• Ball-and-socket
• Incongruent - 25Describe the Joint capsule of the Glenohumeral joint.• Loose, fibrous, sleeve capsule from upper epiphyseal line of Humerus to labrum
• Horizontal
• Reinforced by fibres of Trapezius, and superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments - 26What are the articular surfaces of the Glenohumeral joint?Humeral Head
Glenoid fossa – faces anterior, lateral & superior
➢ Covered in Hyaline cartilage - 27Describe the intra-articular structures of the Glenohumeral joint and state their functions?Synovial membrane lines the capsule, extends through anterior opening of capsule to form subscapularis bursa
Glenoid Labrum
Fibrocartilaginous rim
Long head of Biceps Brachii
Attaches to supraglenoid tubercle
A Partial, fibrocartilaginous, intra-articular disc
Compensates for incongruity of between joint surfaces - 28What are the Ligaments of the Glenohumeral joint?Superior Glenohumeral
Middle Glenohumeral
Inferior Glenohumeral
Transverse Humeral
Coracohumeral - 29Describe the Superior Glenohumeral ligament and state its function.➢ Capsular
Function:
o Reinforces anterior part of Glenohumeral joint
o Prevents lateral movement and thus stops inferior dislocation
o Limits external rotation - 30Describe the middle Glenohumeral ligament and state its function.➢ Capsular
Function:
o Reinforces anterior part of Glenohumeral joint
o Limits external rotation - 31Describe the Inferior Glenohumeral ligament and state its function.➢ Capsular
Function:
o Reinforces anterior part of Glenohumeral joint
o Prevents anterior dislocation of humerus when fully flexed or abducted - 32Describe the Transverse Humeral ligament and state its function.Intertubercular
Capsular - 33Describe the Coracohumeral ligament and state its function.Accessory
- 34Describe the Coracoacromial ligament and state its function.Fibro-osseous arch above humeral head
Function:
o Increases surface for humeral head to articulate (improves congruency)
o Prevents superior dislocation - 35What are the characteristics of the Ulnohumeral & Radiohumeral jointsHinge
Uniaxial - 36Describe the Joint capsule of the Ulnohumeral & Radiohumeral joint➢ Fibrous
➢ Encloses elbow and proximal radioulnar joint
➢ No attachment to radius
➢ Collateral ligaments blend and strengthen capsule laterally and medially
➢ Consists of longitudinal fibres that run obliquely and transversely - 37What are the articular surfaces of the Elbow joint?Trochlea of Humerus
Trochlea Notch of Ulna
Head of Radius
Capitulum - 38How does the synovial membrane and synovium interact with the articular surfaces of the proximal radioulnar, Ulnohumeral & Radiohumeral joint?Synovial membrane attaches to humerus and ulna lining the joint capsule
Covers lower part of annular ligament and continues onto proximal radioulnar articulation
Emerges as redundant fold to give freedom of movement to the head of the radius - 39What are the Ligaments of the Ulnohumeral & Radiohumeral joint?Collateral Ulnar Ligament
Collateral Radial Ligament - 40Describe the Collateral Ulnar ligament and state its function.Capsular
3 bands: Anterior, transverse (intermediate), posterior bands.
Function:
o Primary: prevents abduction of ulna
o Secondary: prevents rotation of ulna
o Anterior limits extension
o Posterior limits flexion
Resists valgus deformity = medially directed force at elbow or laterally directed at forearm - 41Describe the Collateral Radial ligament and state its function.Capsular
Attaches to annular ligament (not radius)
Function:
o Primary: prevents adduction of the forearm
o Secondary: prevents rotation
o Anterior limits extension
o Posterior limits flexion
Resists varus deformity = laterally directed force at elbow or medially at forearm - 42What are the characteristics of the Proximal Radioulnar joint?Pivot
Uniaxial - 43What is the function of an Intra-articular disc?• When perforated it can allow communication between the synovial cavities
• Improves congruency of joint (fit together)
• Shock absorber
• Prevents superior dislocation of clavicle
• Acts as a pivot about which elevation and depression - 44What is a Bursa?Sac lined with synovial membrane containing synovial fluid
- 45What are the Elbow Bursae and where are they located?I. Subcutaneous olecranon bursa
Between the skin and the olecranon
II. Subtendinous olecranon bursa
Under distal attachment of the triceps tendon
III. Radioulnar bursa
Between the extensor digitorum, radiohumeral articulation and the supinator muscle
IV. Bicipitoradial bursa
Between the biceps tendon and the anterior part of the radial tuberosity - 46What are the Shoulder Bursae and where are they located?I. Subscapular bursae
Sits between bones and bicep tendon
II. Subacromial bursae
Seperates acromioclavicular joint anteriorly - 47Where is the Cubital Fossa?Superior border:
Imaginary line between the epicondyles
Lateral border:
Medial border of the brachioradialis
Medial border:
Lateral border of the pronator teres - 48What are the functions of different classifications of ligaments?Capsular
Reinforce and strengthen capsule
Intra-capsular
Support articulating surfaces and intra-articulate structures
Extra-capsular
Protect extra-capsular structures
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- Anatomy (Upper Limb) Flashcards on Upper Limb Joints, created by Jack Henderson on 25/04/2018.
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- Jack Henderson
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