Flashcards
CCJS Exam 3
Cards in this deck (82)
- 1Aggravated of First Degree MurderMost serious kind of murder that requires the act be committed with malice and aforethought, deliberation and premeditation
- 2Second-Degree Murder (Voluntary Manslaughter)The intentional killing of another human being without premeditation and deliberation
- 3Involuntary ManslaughterA criminal homicide where an unintentional killing results from a reckless act
(driving under the influence) - 4Negligent ManslaughterAn unintentional homicide charged when a death or deaths arise from some negligent act that carries a substantial risk of death to others
- 5Mass MurderThe killing of several people at one location within minutes or hours
- 6Spree MurderThe killing of several people at different locations over several days
- 7Serial MurderThe killing of three or more victims over an extended period of time
- 8Seven Commonly Believed Myths about Serial Killers1. Serial Killers are dysfunctional loners
2. Serial killers are all white males
3. Serial killers are only motivated by sex
4. Serial Killers travel and operate interstate
5. Serial Killers cannot stop killing
6. All serial killers are insane or evil geniuses
7. Serial killers want to get caught - 9Visionary Serial KillingA killer that feels impelled to commit murder by visions or "voices in my head"
- 10Mission-oriented Serial KillerA killer that feels is to be a missions in life to kill certain kinds of people
- 11Hedonistic Serial KillerA killer that kills for pure thrill and joy of it
- 12Power/Control Serial KillerA killer that gains most satisfaction from excreting complete power over his victims
- 13RapeThe penetration, no matter how light, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object without consent of victim
- 14RobberyThe taking or attempted taking of anything of value from the care, custody or control of a person by force of threat of force/violence
(violent crime not property crime)
- 40% involve firearms - 15Aggravated AssaultAn attack on another person that inflicts injury or is intended to frighten or cause physical harm
*Most prevalent in violent crimes* - 16Subculture of ViolenceA part of a larger culture in which the norms, attitudes, and values of its people legitimizes the use of violence
Simple Assault: little or no physical harm - 17Honor SubcultureCommunities in which young men are hypersensitive to insult, rushing to defend their reputation in dominance contests
- 18Biological Theories That Explain Violence: Neuro-criminology-Frontal and prefrontal cortex volume
-Brain wave differences - 19Criminological Theories That Explain Violent: Environmental Factors-Strain theories and anomie
-Cultural theories: “code of the street” - 20According to Anderson, why does this culture engage in violences?-Social learning theories
-Self & social control theories
-Sociological explanations for bringing out the inner demons - 21Larceny-TheftTaking someone’s personal property. Not a violent crime because it is being taken without their knowledge.
*Most prevalent for property crimes* - 22BurglaryUnlawful entry into a dwelling to commit a felony or theft
-Most burglaries don’t get solved (since no one is there to catch them)
-The average burglar gets about $2,000 per job
-Most happen in the middle of the day when no one is home
-Most burglars are not strangers to the household - 23Home InvasionA type of breaking and entering into a home in which the express purpose is to catch the occupants at home so that criminals can rob, rape, or assault the occupants as well as steal their property
- 24Motor-Vehicle TheftTheft of a motor vehicle
- 25Car-JackingTaking a car while person is in the car
- 26FenceA person who regularly buys stolen property for resale and who often has a legitimate business to cover his activities
- 27Theories for Property Crimes-Rational choice
-Routine activities
-Deterrence
What about social learning, social bond, etc.?
-Happens a lot and taken as a given that it is going to occur. - 28ArsonAny willful or malicious burning or attempting to burn with or without intent to defraud, a dwelling house, public building, motor vehicle or aircraft, or personal property of another
- 29EmbezzlementThe misappropriation or misapplication of money or property entrusted to the embezzlers car, custody or control
- 30FraudObtaining the money or property of another through deceptive practices such as false advertising, impersonation, and other misrepresentations
- 31ForgeryThe creation or alteration of documents to give them the appearance of legality and validity with the intention of gaining some fraudulent benefit
- 32CounterfeitingThe creation or altering of currency
- 33Alcohol & Crime-Drunk driving has gone down because of ride sharing (uber, lyft)
-Car companies have made their cars safer
-Only 1% of drunk driving end in arrests
-40 % of violent crimes involve alcohol
-60% of intimate partner violence involved alcohol - 34On college campuses:-Two-thirds of sexual assaults involve alcohol
-95% of violent crimes on campuses involve alcohol - 35Binge DrinkersPeople who frequently consume anywhere from 5-10 drinks in a few hours' time
- 36Type 1 AlcoholismA form of alcoholism characterized by mild abuse, minimal criminality and a passive-dependent personality
- 37Type 2 AlcoholismA form of alcoholism characterized by early onset, violence and criminality and largely limited to males
- 38Harrison Narcotic ActA 1914 congressional act that criminalized the sale and use of narcotics
- 39Systematic ViolenceViolence associated with aggressive patterns of interaction within the system of drug distribution and use
- 40Economic Compulsive ViolenceViolence associated with efforts to obtain money to finance the cost of illicit drugs
- 41Pharmacological ViolenceViolence induced by the pharmacological properties of a drug
- 42Harm ReductionRefers to policies, programs, and practices that aim to reduce the harms associated with the use of psychoactive drugs in people unable or unwilling to stop
- 43White Collar CrimeA violation of the law committed by a person or group of persons in the courts of an otherwise respected and legitimate occupation or business enterprise
- 44Occupational CrimeCrime committed by the individuals in the course of they employment
- 45Corporate CrimeCrimes committed by a business entity or by people acting on behalf of a business entity.
- 46Most Common White Collar Crime-Fraud by wire, or television
-Public money, property or records
-Bank fraud
-Mail fraud
-Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud U,S
-Fraud and related activity - access devices
-Mail fraud - frauds and swindles
-Fraud and related activity - ID documents
-Aggravated identity theft
-Health care fraud - 47Crony CapitalismThe close relationship between business people and politicians for purposes of lining each others pockets
- 48Moral hazardthe tendency to take unwarranted risks when costs are not born by the party taking the risk
- 49Sarbanes-Oxley ActAn act passed in 2002 in response to numerous corporate scandals
- 50HackerPerson who illicitly accesses someone else computer system
- 51Software PiracyIllegally copying and distributing computer software
- 52Organized CrimeA continuing criminal enterprise that works rationally to profit from illicit activities often in great public demand
- 53La Cosa NostraAn organized group of Italian/ Sicilian origins, commonly referred to as the MAFIA
- 54CommisionA national ruling body of La Cosa Nostra consisting of the bosses of the five NY families and four bosses from other important families
- 55Corporate ModelA model that see La Cosa Nostra as similar to corporate structure; a formal hierarchy in which the day-to-day activities of the organization are planned and coordinated at the top and carried out by subordinates
- 56Feudal ModelSees La Cosa Nostra as similar to the old European feudal system based on patronage, oaths or loyalty and semiautonomy
- 57ToleranceThe tendency to require larger and larger doses of a drug to produce the same effects after the body adjusts to lower dosages
- 58WithdrawalA process involving a number of adverse to physical reactions that occur when the body of a dug abuser is deprived of his other drugs
- 59Whistleblowerspeople who inform on corporations or corporate leaders for engaging in illegal activity
- 60Tammany SocietyA corrupt political machine that ran NY into the early 20th century associated with the Democratic Party and with organized crime
- 61ProhibitionCommon term for the Volstead Act that prohibited the sale, manufacture, or importation of intoxicating liquors within the U.S
- 62Ethnic Succession TheoryTheory about the causes of organized crime positing that upon arrival in the U.S each ethnic group was faced with prejudicial and discriminatory attitudes that denied it legitimate means to success in America
- 63Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) StatutesStatutes that specifically target the continuing racketeering activities of organized criminals and provide for more severe penalties for the same crime that fall under traditional criminal statutes
- 64Other Organized Crime Groups-The Russian "Mafiya"
-The Japanese Yakuza
-Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs
-African American Organized Crime
-Latino Groups - 65DesistanceUnderlying process by which termination occurs
- 66Crime Prevention ViewpointCrime is preventable by:
Addressing predictors of the problem
Intervening early
Including those at great risk
Considering the diversity of the community (considering your audience) - 67The Crime Control ViewpointCrime is a choice that reflects
-Individual propensity
-Incentives
The role of Criminal Justice System
-Deter crime by being a credible threat of punishment
-Incapacitate people with high criminal propensity - 68Tax Evasion vs. Tax AvoidanceTax Evasion: Illegal & lying
Tax Avoidance: Legal and hiding the amount of income you have, putting money in an offshore account - 69Marriage and Desistance (Theories)Social Control:
-Strengthens social bonds, informal social control
-Must be a strong quality partnership
Social Learning:
-Transition away from interaction with friends
-Opportunities reduced, motivation reduced - 70Choosing Burglary Targets-target exposure
-guardianship
-target attractiveness
-proximity - 71Drug Classifications-Opiates
-Stimulants
-Hallucinogens - 72Witness Protection ProgramProgram administered by the U.S Marshals Service that provides witnesses protection and new identification, documents, employment, housing and other assistance after testifying
- 73What are the four main points in the Juno Mac Ted talk that are ways prostitution is controlled?Full criminalization
Partial decriminalization
Swedish /Nordic model “end demand”
Legalization - 74What type of violent crime is most common?Assault, simple assault
- 75Why was there a steeper decline in male victims of intimate partner homicide in the 1970s as compared to female victims?Intro of violence against women act and other policies provided women more resources, less likely that they would turn to homicide as a means of getting away
- 76What is the most common property crimes in the US? How do we defined it?larceny- taking someone else's property, someone can mean a person or a business
- 77True or false: the most common form of larceny is shopliftingFalse, motorvehicle
- 78What is the difference between decriminalization and legalization?Decriminalization-removes laws that specifically target a behavior
Legalization- imposes regulations on the behavior - 79Drug crime most associated with.....Property crime
- 80What does it means to be a “clean” person, according to Goffman?-Not involved in criminal justice system
-Those in the neighborhood of those who face the same bad odds but manage to keep out of the system - 81What are some commonalities among “clean” people?Commitment to education
Escaping neighborhood poverty
Having a guide/mentor - 82Why is white-collar crime difficult to track?If it is not priority to administration, it will be less likely detected
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- Criminal Justice Flashcards on CCJS Exam 3, created by Jocelyn Lopez on 01/05/2018.
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- Jocelyn Lopez
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