Flashcards
Elizabeth I - Society, Economy and end of Reign
Cards in this deck (23)
- 1Nobility under Elizabeth- After 1572 = hesitant to make new dukes
- Between 1547-72 = 4 Dukes executed - Northumberland, Somerset, Suffolk, Norfolk
- Nobility concentrate on new buildings to host Queen during royal progress - 2Gentry- Bellow nobility
- Wide social range from Knights, gentlemen, esquires/JPs, modest landowners
- Grew in size under Eliz
- Proportion of wealthy increased - 3Poorest class- bulk of people lived in countryside
- vulnerable to enclosure and decline in real wages - 4Statue of Artificers- 1563
- aim to combat increasing crime and
vagabondage/vagrancy (moving from town to town without permanent $$$)
- Impose maximum wages to stop workers demanding higher pay
- Establish a compulsory 7 year apprenticeship to follow a craft - 5Acts to combat poverty1) Act of 1572
2) The Poor Law Act of 1576
3) 1597 Poor Law
4) Completion of Poor Law Act 1598-1601 - 61572 Poor Law Act- established that local ratepayers were required to pay a rate for the relief of their own poor
- Added branding to range of punishments = harsh treatment of 'undeserving' poor - 71576 Poor Law Act- First act to attempt to make a national system of pro relief
- Financed and administered locally
- Towns required to provide employment for the deserving poor (elderly, young, disabled) - 8Impact of Harvest on society- Failed harvests from 1594-97
- Consequently = 1596 Oxfordshire Hunger riot
- higher food prices due to :( harvest
- extremely small scale
- attempt to march on London with weapons
- Suppressed in days + 4 leaders dealt with brutally
- Made harder by the plague outbreaks in the 1590s = more deaths than births - 91597 Poor Law Act- result of Oxfordshire uprising and other small scale hunger riots in Kent, Norfolk and Hampshire
- Provides overseers to monitor the poor
- Allowed for offenders to be whipped and sent back to home parish
- Repeat offenders = executed
- Reflection of the harsh treatment under the 1547 Act - 101601 Poor Law Act- remained basis of poor relief until 1929
- Focus on the parish = responsible for raising and administering poor relief rates
- Parish overseer = efficient rate collection and distribution
- Poorhouse to care for the impotent poor (those unable to work)
- House of Industry for able-bodied poor to be given work
- Idle poor = House of Correction
- Poor children apprenticed for trade
- a NATIONAL system for poor relief - 11How far in control of Ireland was Liz?(in foreign policy cards)
- few significant rebellions against English Protestant rule
- Tyrone Rebellion, 1595
- Spanish try and manipulate weakness
- Battle of Yellow Ford, 1598 = success as rebels gain large control of 'pale'
- Failed leadership of E.o.Essex in Ireland as fail to end Tyrone rebellion
- Instead made truce with Tyrone
- Threat increased in 1601 when Spanish sent 3000 troops
- BUT England triumph and regain Irish control after 1601 Battle of Kinsale - 12Control in Wales- little concern in boarder area
- Council of Wales and the Marches = remained in control
- Welsh language preserved through religion = Bible and Common Book of Prayer into Welsh
- Poverty = most significant welsh issue
- Level of discontent by end of reign as large number of Welsh gentry implicated in Essex rebellion - 13Control in the North- remained troublesome through reign
- Northern earls (Percy/Dacre family) no longer in charge of boarders
- 1569, Northern Earls rebellion
- as Southern earls struggle to control North without own land
- Weak grip on Scottish Protestant leaders (1578-85)
- Council of the North reorganised in 1572 under Southern protestant Earl of Huntingdon = seen as outsider in North - 14Economic position of landowners- benefitted under Elizabeth
- Land incomes rose = more material possessions
- As result of HVIII and Ed VI selling monastic land at low prices
- Expansion in building projects - 15Economic position of farmers- modest level farmers = benefit from rise in agricultural prices
- Improvement of living standards in S. East
- Increased prospects of agricultural production
- BUT bad harvest damaged expansion - 16Problems with economic development- Not all areas :) developed = e.g. North and West-Midlands were the poorest
- Real wages fell
- Several bad harvests = 9/44 considered poor on average
- By 1596 real wages = less than half than 9 years earlier
- Rural areas in North suffer particular starvation - 17Internal trade* exceeded that of external trade
* Shipbuilding expansion = sign of successful trade
* Growth of shipping coal to Thames due to increased demand/population in London
* Wider range of foreign goods imported = more able to afford them
* Decrease cloth trade with Netherlands to ensure wider alliances = develop Cloth trade market with Germany and Amsterdam - 18John Hawkins- English slave trader + naval commander
- 3 expeditions from 1562 = 1st/2nd successful but irritate the Spanish
- attracted significant supporters - Queen, Leicester
- Third expedition = failure as blockade in Mexico meant only some $ returned to Eng.
- LINK foreign policy + :( Spain - 19Other overseas trading opportunities- attempt to expand English trading interests
- Muscovy Company, 1555 = Russia and N.Europe BUT failed
- Eastland Company, 1579 = trade with baltic BUT :(
- Levant Company, 1581 = :) trade with Ottoman
- 1600 - 1603 = :) of the East India Company
- Main wool markets from South to North Netherlands - 20Exploration- Spain and Portugal = dominant
- BUT by end of Liz = England :) sea reputation
- Consequently trading links with Russia and India
- Development of the Hudson Bay Company = mapping of Greenland and America
= :) under Stuarts
- Drake exploration = challenge dominating reputation of the Spanish
- Colonies established for effective trade links in N.West America - 21Political condition in 1603*Decline in royal authority and gov administration in 1590s
*Consequent of unstable succession
*1601 execution of Essex = highlight weakness of royal authority
*BUT broad political unity by 1603 as most loyal to Queen - 22Economic and social condition in 1603- Significant economic continuity in 1500s
- Domestic demand = :) :) :)
- Nail making, soap, brewing, hosiery
- BUT took much hard work for many to avoid poverty
- Remained significant wealth/living standard differences
- 1590s only time of real crisis = harvest and sickness = high death rate
- BUT allowed gov to address imp. issues in the Poor Laws - 23State of religion by 1603- Significant decline in Catholicism since start of reign
- Still remained BUT most put their loyalty towards crown
- Radical protestants - puritans and separatists virtually disappeared
- Broad support of the CofE
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- A level History (TUDORS) Flashcards on Elizabeth I - Society, Economy and end of Reign, created by Emily Bevis on 15/05/2018.
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- Emily Bevis
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