Flashcards
C9 - Crude Oils and Fuels by Aaishah Din Year 10G
Cards in this deck (12)
- 1What is crude oil?crude oil is a mixture of many different compounds. Majority of these compounds are hydrocarbons (compounds containing just hydrogen and carbon.)
- 2What is an alkane?- saturated hydrocarbons
- no double bond
- all carbon-carbon bonds are covalent
general formula = (C x n)(H x 2n + 1) - 3What are the first alkanes?methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane,
(hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane.) - 4Properties of hydrocarbonsshort:
- low boiling point
- low viscosity (how easily it flows)
- high volatility (tendency to evaporate)
- high flammability - 5How does fractional distillation workCrude oil is heated and fed in near the bottom of a fractionating column as vapor. The temp decreases as you go up the column. The gases move up column and hydrocarbons condense when they reach their boiling point then you collect them as liquids at different fractions
- 6hydorcarbons with the smallest molecules come out at the top as gases.the ones with the longest come out at the bottom as thick liquids or solids.
they have high boiling points. - 7why do lighter fractions make better fuels?ignite easier, burn well with cleaner (less smoky) flames.
- 8the formula for the combustion of a hydrocarbonhydrocarbon + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water
- 9What is cracking?when long molecules of hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller more useful ones
- 10How does cracking work- pass the vapors over a hot catalyst
- mixing them with steam and heating to high temp - 11what does cracking producealkanes, used as fuels, and alkenes.
- 12alkenes react with ______ ______ water, turning it __________orange bromine water, turning it colourless