Flashcards
GCSE AQA Physics
Cards in this deck (53)
- 1What does infrared radiation involve?The transfer of heat energy by electromagnetic radiation.
- 2What does Kinetic Theory explain?The different states and properties of matter in terms of the movement of the millions and millions of particles.
- 3What is conduction?The transfer of energy by heating without the substance itself moving. For example, metals are good conductors of energy.
Insulators are materials that have few or no free electrons, so they can't readily transfer their energy by heating. - 4What is convection?The transfer of energy by heating though the movement of particles. Convection occurs in liquids and gases, creating convection currents.
- 5What is evaporation?The transfer of energy at the surface of a liquid.
The opposite effect, where the gas or vapour returns to a liquid state at the surface, is called condensation. - 6What factors affect the rate at which a material transfers energy?- Its surface area and volume
- The type of material
- The nature of the surface
- Its temperature - 7What is the Specific heat Capacity?The amount of energy required to change the temperature of 1kg of a material by 1°C.
- 8What is a Sankey Diagram?A diagram that shows the relative proportions of energy transfers using arrow.
The width of arrows are proportional to the amount of energy they represent. - 9What does the efficiency of a device refer to?The proportion of energy (or power) that is usefully transferred.
- 10State the different types of Fossil FuelsCoal
Oil
Gas - 11What is a biofuel?Solid, liquid or gas obtained from lifeless or living biological material.
- 12What are transformers used for?To change the potential difference (voltage) of the alternating current (a.c.) before and after it is transmitted through the National Grid.
- 13Fill in the missing gaps: Power Station --> Step-____ Transformer --> Power Lines --> Step-____ Transformer --> Houses, shops, etc...Up
Down - 14What is the amplitude of a wave?The distance from the rest position to the crest position which is half the vertical distance from a trough to a crest.
- 15What is the frequency of a wave?The number of waves passing a fixed point each second.
- 16What 7 things does the Electromagnetic Spectrum consist of?Radio Waves
Micro Waves
Infrared Radiation
Visible Light
Ultraviolet rays
X-Rays
Gamma Rays - 17A Radio Wave has a ____ Frequency and a _____ Wavelength.Low
Long - 18A Gamma Ray has a ____ frequency and a _____ wavelength.High
Short - 19What are Radio Waves used for?Television and radio signals
- 20What are Microwaves used for?Mobile phone networks and satellite communication
Cooking - water molecules absorb microwaves and heat up - 21What is Infrared Radiation used for?Remote controls for televisions
Grills, toasters and radiant heaters
Optical Fibre communication - 22What are the advantages of a Nuclear power source?- Cost of fuel is low.
- Rate of fuel use is low.
- Doesn't produce CO2 and SO2 emissions into the atmosphere. - 23What are the disadvantages of a Nuclear power source?- Radioactive waste produced.
- Difficulty of storing radioactive material for thousands of years.
- Building new power stations is very costly.
- Decommissioning is very costly.
- Accident and radioactive contamination risks are high. - 24What is the advantage of a Coal power source?- Relatively easy and cheap to extract.
- 25What are the disadvantages of a Coal power source?- Burning produces CO2 and SO2.
- Only a few hundreds years left. - 26What are the advantages of an Oil power source?- Has been easy to find.
- Perhaps large amounts left. - 27What are the disadvantages of an Oil power source?- Burning produces CO2 and SO2.
- Significant risk of spillage and pollution.
- Destruction of wildlife habitats. - 28What are the advantages of a Gas power source?- Has been easy to find.
- Perhaps large stocks left.
- No SO2 emissions. - 29What are the disadvantages of a Gas power source?- Burning produces CO2 emissions.
- Expensive pipelines and networks are required.
- Visual pollution of landscape.
- Destruction of wildlife habitats. - 30What are the advantages of Wind Turbines?- No fuel or little maintenance.
- No polluting gases.
- Can be built offshore. - 31What are the disadvantages of Wind Turbines?- Land based ones are visually polluting.
- High initial costs.
- Not flexible in meeting demands.
- Variation in wind affects output. - 32What are the advantages of Tidal and Waves as an energy source?- No fuel required.
- No polluting gases produced.
- Barrage water can be released when demand is high. - 33What are the disadvantages of Tidal and Waves as an energy source?- Visual pollution + hazard to shipping.
- Can destroy wildlife habitats.
- Variations in tides.
- High capital costs to build them. - 34What are the advantages of Hydroelectricity as an energy source?Fast start-up time.
- No polluting gases produced.
- Water can be pumped back to the reservoir when demand is low. - 35What are the disadvantages of Hydroelectricity as an energy source?- Involves damaging upland valleys.
- Destruction of wildlife habitats.
- Need an adequate rainfall.
- Very high initial costs. - 36What are the advantages of Solar Cells as an energy source?- Uses light from the Sun.
- Useful in remote locations.
- No polluting gases produced.
- Small-scale production possible. - 37What are the disadvantages of Solar Cells as an energy source?- Depends on light intensity.
- Use of high cost semiconductor materials.
- Efficiency is poor.
- Visual pollution of large areas of solar panels. - 38What are the advantages of Biofuels as an energy source?- Flexible product.
- Cost effective.
- Little impact on the environment. - 39What are the disadvantages of Biofuels as an energy source?- Some pre-processing of the material is required.
- Limited resources due to land area requirements. - 40What are the advantages of Geothermal energy sources?- No pollutants produced.
- Uses naturally occurring hot water and steam.
- Low start-up costs. - 41What are the disadvantages of Geothermal energy sources?- Restricted to only certain volcanic areas.
- Subsidence risk. - 42From fastest to slowest, which of these has the fastest start-up times? - Coal - Gas - Nuclear - OilFASTEST
Gas
Oil
Coal
Nuclear
SLOWEST - 43What are the range of wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum?SHORT 10 to the power of -15
to
LONG 10 to the power of 4 - 44Do radio waves and gamma rays travel at the same speed through a vacuum (space)?Yes
- 45State the different types of energy storesChemical
Thermal
Kinetic
Elastic Potential
Gravitational Potential
Nuclear
Electrostatic energy
Magnetic - 46Energy can be transferred:Mechanically (by a force doing work)
Electrically (work done by moving charges)
By heating
Through radiation - 47Kinetic energy equationKE = 1/2 mv²
- 48Gravitational energy equationGPE = m(KG) x g(10N on Earth) x h(metres)
- 49Elastic potential energy equationEPE = 1/2 k(F/e) x e²
- 50Electrical energy equationEE = Power (V x I) x Time (secs)
- 51Specific Heat Capacity equationC = Energy put in / m(KG) x temperature change in ℃.
- 52What is Current? What is Potential Difference?Current is the flow of electrons through a conductor in 1 second.
PD is the force that pushes the charge around. It reflects the difference in charge from one side of the circuit to the other. - 53Triangle equations R = Resistance V = Potential Difference I = Current Q = Charge P = Power E = Energy or Work DoneR = V / I
P = V x I
Q = I x T
E = V x Q
E = P x T
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- It all begins in GCSE AQA Physics - Unit 1, the first in a trilogy of epic units. The journey starts in the land of infrared radiation, where Dr.Physics and his band of Physicists must face the horses of conduction, convection, condensation and evaporation, but will they survive long enough to stop the might of the great Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation...
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- Marco Ghini
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- Created by James Jolliffe · Mar 8, 2015
- Copied by Marco Ghini · May 28, 2018
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