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Flashcards

Wrist and Hand

Jack Henderson Anatomy English 49 cards

Cards in this deck (49)

  1. 1What are the terms used to describe the structures of the wrist and hand?➢ Palmar/Volar = Anterior = flexor surface
    ➢ Dorsal = Posterior = extensor surface
    ➢ Radial deviation (towards radius) = Abduction
    ➢ Ulna deviation (towards Ulna) = Adduction
  2. 2What is the thenar eminence?Group of muscles below the pollicus (Thumb)
  3. 3What is the hypothenar eminence?Group of muscles below the Digiti Minimi (little finger)
  4. 4Demonstrate thumb movementso Flexion
    o Extension
    o Opposition
    o Adduction
    o Abduction
  5. 5What are the carpal bones (from left to right (little finger to thumb - anterior 1st row of carpals))?o Pisiform
    o Triquetrum
    o Lunate
    o Sacphoid
    o Hamate
    o Capitate
    o Trapezoid
    o Trapezium
  6. 6What is the carpal tunnel?Shape formed by anterior margin of Carpals
  7. 7What is the function of the arches of the hand?➢ Provide stability
    ➢ Rely on congruency and passive restraints
  8. 8What are the types of arches in the hand?o Proximal transverse arch
    o Distal transverse arch
    o Longitudinal arch
  9. 9What is the proximal transverse arch?More rigid
    Formed by distal row of carpal bones
  10. 10What is the distal transverse arch?More mobile
    Through the Metacarpophalangeal joints
  11. 11What is the longitudinal arch?Provides longitudinal stability
    Follows the 2nd & 3rd rays (digits)
  12. 12What are the wrist joints?o Radiocarpal
    o Midcarpal
    o Intercarpal
  13. 13Classify the Radiocarpal joint?Synovial, Ellipsoid, biaxial
  14. 14What are the articular surfaces of radiocarpal joint?• Distal Radius
    • Articular disc (covering distal Ulna)
    • Proximal Carpal row
  15. 15Describe the joint capsule of the radiocarpal joint?Enclosed by fibrous joint capsule – covers distal radius and ulna, and attaches to proximal row, internally covered by synovial membrane
  16. 16What are the structures and components of Triangular Fibro-Cartilaginous Complex (TFCC)?o Intra-articular disc
    o Ligaments
  17. 17What are the ligaments of the radiocarpal joint?• Radial Collateral Ligament
    • Ulna Collateral Ligament
    • Palmar Radiocarpal Ligament
    • Palmar Ulna Carpal Ligament
    • Dorsal Radiocarpal Ligament
  18. 18Describe the Radial collateral ligamento Radial styloid to scaphoid/trapezium
    o Resists ulnar deviation
  19. 19Describe the Ulna Collateral Ligamento Ulnar styloid to triquetrium/pisiform
    o Resists radial deviation
  20. 20Describe the Palmar Radiocarpal Ligamento Anterior radius to Scaphoid/Lunate/Triquetrium
    o Resists extreme wrist extension
  21. 21Describe the Palmar Ulna Carpal Ligamento Anterior radius to Scaphoid/Lunate/Triquetrium
  22. 22Describe the Dorsal Radiocarpal Ligamento Posterior radius to Scaphoid/Lunate/Triquetrium
    o Resists extreme wrist flexion
  23. 23Classify the Midcarpal jointComplex synovial joint, ellipsoid, biaxial
  24. 24Describe the joint capsule of the Midcarpal joint➢ Joint formed between the proximal and distal carpal rows (Except pisiform)
    ➢ Inconsistent joint capsule strengthened by ligaments
    ➢ Complex synovial joint – highly irregular surfaces
  25. 25What are the movements of the Midcarpal joint?➢ Flexion/Extension
    ➢ Radial and Ulnar deviation
  26. 26What are the ligaments of the Midcarpal joint?o Ulnar Collateral
    o Radial Collateral
    o Palmar Radiocarpal Ligament
    o Dorsal Radiocarpal Ligament
  27. 27Classify the Intercarpal jointSynovial, plane, multiaxial
  28. 28Describe the joint capsule of the Intercarpal joint➢ Articulations between individual carpal bones
    ➢ Bound together by ligaments
  29. 29Describe the ligaments of the Intercapral jointInterosseous ligaments between the bones
    Dorsal ligament & Palmar ligament
    Scapholunate (interosseous)
    o Btw. Lunate and Scaphoid
    o Stability of Proximal Carpal row
    o Vulnerable to injury = Scaphoid flexes, whilst Lunate extends
  30. 30What are the joints of the hand and fingers?o Common Carpometacarpal joint
    o Metacarpophalangeal joint
    o Interphalangeal joints
  31. 31Classify the Common Carpometacarpal jointSynovial, plane, multiaxial
  32. 32Where is the Common Carpometacarpal jointJoints of digits 2 to 5
  33. 33Describe the features of the Common Carpometacarpal (CMC) jointo Common as they are structurally different to the 1st CMC joint of the thumb
    o Progressive increase in range of movement from 2nd to 5th CMC joint
    o Minimal movement occurs at CMC of 2nd & 3rd, as these form part of a stable axis that movement occurs around
    o Reinforced by ligaments – dorsal and palmar CMC ligaments
  34. 34Classify the 1st Carpometacarpal jointSynovial, Saddle, biaxial
  35. 35Where is 1st Carpometacarpal joint?Base of first metacarpal and the trapezium carpal bone
    Reciprocally shaped concave bony surface
    Stability provided by bony shapes and surrounding ligaments
  36. 36What are the movements of the 1st Carpometacarpal joint?o Flexion/Extension
    o Abduction/Adduction
    o Opposition (Pad to pad approximation)
  37. 37What are the ligaments of the 1st Carpometacarpal joint?Radial CMC/ Collateral ligament
    o Radial surface btw. Trapezium and 1st Metacarpal
    Anterior Oblique ligament
    o Anterior Trapezium to medial 1st Metacarpal
    o Restricts thumb extension
    Posterior Oblique ligament
    o Posterior Trapezium to medial 1st Metacarpal
    o Restricts thumb flexion
  38. 38Classify the Metacarpophalangeal jointSynovial, Condyloid, Biaxial
  39. 39What are the movements of the 1st MCP?o Flexion (45) / Extension (0)
    o Abduction (15) / Adduction (0)
  40. 40What are the movements of the 2nd – 5th MCP?o Flexion (90o) / Extension (50o)
    • Increases from digit 2 to 5
    o Abduction / Adduction
    • Greatest in neutral (40o)
    • Reduced slightly in extension (30o)
    • Has least range in full MCP flexion (10o)
    o Rotation - Accessory movement
  41. 41What are the MCP joint ligaments?o Collateral ligaments
    o Palmar ligament (plate)
    o Deep transverse Metacarpal ligament
    o 1st MCP (thumb) collateral ligaments
  42. 42Describe the Collateral ligaments of the MCP jointMedial/lateral joints stability
    Tighter in flexion, looser in extension
  43. 43Describe the Palmar ligament (plate) of the MCP jointo Concave ligamentous/fibrocartilaginous structure on palmar aspect of MCP joint
    • Moves with proximal phalanx
    • Prevents hyperextension
    • Reinforces the joint capsule
    • Increases articular surface during extension
  44. 44Describe the Deep Transverse Metacarpal Ligament of the MCP joint➢ Connects the palmar surface of the metacarpal heads and holds the palmar plates
    ➢ Stabilise metacarpal joints (Maintain Distal Transverse arch)
  45. 45Describe the 1st MCP (Thumb) Collateral LigamentThe Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) of the Thumb is vulnerable
  46. 46What would excessive valgus stress to the base of the thumb cause?May result in disruption of the UCL complex with or without avulsion fracture of the base proximal phalanx
  47. 47Classify the Interphalangeal jointsSynovial, Uniaxial, Hinge joints
  48. 48Describe the joint capsule of the Interphalangeal jointsSurrounded by a capsule reinforced by Collateral & Palmar ligaments (and plate)
  49. 49Describe the function of the Collateral ligaments of the interphalangeal jointsDorsal part;
    Restricts flexion
    Palmar/Voral part;
    Restricts extension & limits abduction/adduction and twisting

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Anatomy (Upper Limb) Flashcards on Wrist and Hand, created by Jack Henderson on 05/06/2018.
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Jack Henderson
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