Flashcards
Autonomic Nervous System
Cards in this deck (24)
- 1What does the autonomic nervous system regulate?The functioning of the smooth muscle cells, cardiac cells, and some glands around the body.
- 2What general structures does the ANS comprise of?An afferent sensory neuron, an integrating neuron (interneuron), and an efferent motor neuron. All AUTOMATIC, no conscious control.
- 3The SOMATIC nervous system is different from the Autonomic nervous system... how?Somatic nervous system sensations can be consciously perceived, they have 1 neuron that transmits the signal along each pathway (QUICK). Innervation specifically for skeletal muscle reaction (Classic Reflex Arch).
ANS sensory input cannot be consciously perceived, they have 2 or more neurons in a series that transmit the signal (SLOWER). First ANS neuron generally inside the CNS. - 4How is the ANS efferent pathway divided? Two parts?Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems. (Fight or Flight).
- 5Most visceral organs have singular innervation. True or False?False. Most visceral organs have DUAL innervation. One connecting to the sympathetic nervous system and the other connecting to the parasympathetic nervous system.
- 6Where are the pre- & post-ganglion neurons located/start?Pre = starts in the CNS, ends in the Autonomic ganglion.
Post = starts in the Autonomic ganglion and ends at the effector (organ or gland). - 7Does the effector response depend on the neurotransmitter received?No. The response is tissue dependent. The receptor expressed by the tissue is what determines the response. If this receptor is triggered by a particular neurotransmitter, that is what determines the response.
- 8What is a autonomic plexus?They are a tangled network of neurons that generally run along the major arteries around the body.
- 9How are the sympathetic ganglia divided?Paravertebral = run vertically along the vertebral column within the spine.
Prevertebral = run anterior to the vertebral column. - 10How are the parasympathetic ganglia divided?Cranial outflow = comprises mainly of the Vagus nerve, as well as CN IX, VII and III.
Sacral outflow = comprises of mainly the pelvic / splanchnic nerve. - 11Name some effector responses to sympathetic nervous system stimulationEyes - dilates pupils
Mouth - decrease in salivation
Lungs - Increased respiratory rate
Heart - Increased heart rate
Blood vessels - dilation in important organs, constriction in non-essential organs.
GIT - slowing of digestion activity
Adrenal glands - release of adrenaline/noradrenaline
Kidney - retention of water/Na+
Bladder - relaxation of muscles
Anus - prevents defection - 12Name some effector responses to parasympathetic nervous system stimulationEyes - constriction pupils
Mouth - increase in salivation
Lungs - decreased respiratory rate
Heart - decreased heart rate
Blood vessels - dilation in non-essential organs, constriction in essential organs.
GIT - increased of digestion activity
Kidney - excretion of water/Na+
Bladder - constriction of muscles
Anus - stimulation of defection - 13Within the ANS, all pre-ganglion neurons release Acetylcholine. True or False?True. Acetylcholine is always released PRE ganglion
- 14What types of neurotransmitters are released Post-ganglion?Acetylcholine & Noradrenaline
- 15What are the two types of cholinergic receptors and how do they differ?The two types are muscarinic and nicotinic. Nicotinic receptors only cause excitation within the post-gang. cell. Muscarinic receptors cause both excitation and inhibition effects. Muscarinic receptors are found in all parasympathetic effectors. (i.e. inhibition of functioning).
- 16Name the major divisions of adrenergic receptors and there response.Adrenergic receptors are divided by Alpha 1,2 and Beta, 1,2, + 3.
Alpha and Beta 1 receptors are excitatory in nature.
Alpha and Beta 2 receptors are inhibitory in nature. - 17What main response do each of the Alpha adrenergic receptors do?Alpha 1 - activation of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels. Cause increase in total peripheral resistance and thus blood pressure. (EXCITATION)
Alpha 2 - located in nerve endings, decrease in transmitter release. (INHIBITION). - 18What main response do each of the Beta adrenergic receptors do?Beta 1 - found in the heart muscles, and also kidneys. Increase in heart rate, then Cardiac output and thus BP. (EXCITATION)
Beta 2 - found in the SM, lungs. leads to dilation of SM. (INHIBITION).
Beta 3 - found in adipose tissue. Allows for lipolysis. - 19Where are nicotinic receptors found?They found in the muscle end plates (somatic - reflex).
Pre-ganglion neurons in both the Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
Hormone producing cells within the adrenal medulla - 20Where are muscarinic receptors found?Found on all POST-ganglion cells stimulated by ACH within the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system.
- 21What are the functions of the three main muscarinic receptors?M1 - increases neuronal firing (EXCITATION)
M2 - cardiac, decreases HR (INHIBITION)
M3 - glandular/smooth muscle, leads to sweating ,salivation, broncho-constriction (EXCITATION). - 22Which type of receptors are G-protein coupled receptors?Adrenergic and Muscarinic receptors.
- 23Sympathetic dominance means?The fight/flight response
- 24Parasympathetic dominance means?The rest and digest phase.
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- Masters Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards on Autonomic Nervous System, created by Angus Cooper on 11/06/2018.
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