Flashcards
Biological molecules
Cards in this deck (29)
- 1What four key elements are biological molecules made up of?Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O) & Hydrogen (H).
- 2What is the valency of Carbon?Carbon has a valency of 4.
- 3What is the valency of Nitrogen?Nitrogen has a valency of 3.
- 4What is the valency of Oxygen?Oxygen has a valency of 2.
- 5What is the valency of Hydrogen?Hydrogen has a valency of 1.
- 6Give the definition of valencyValency is the amount of chemical bonds an element is able to form.
- 7What other elements can biological molecules include in trace amounts?Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca2+), Iron (Fe2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Choride (Cl-), Sulphur (S) & Phosphate (P).
- 8What is meant by the term Organic?Contains Carbon (C) & is found in a living thing. (Except Carbon dioxide (CO2) & Bicarbonate ions (HCO-3).
- 9What are carbohydrates?Group of substances structural material in organisms.
- 10What are the three types of Carbohydrates?Monosaccharides, disaccharides & polysaccharides.
- 11What is a monosaccharide?It is a simple sugar with the general formula (Ch2O)n. (N can be anything from 3-7.)
- 12What are Disaccharides?'Double sugars' formed from two monosaccharides e.g. Sucrose.
- 13What are Polysaccharides?Large molecules from monosaccharides formed together. E.g starch, cellulose.
- 14What type of sugar is glucose?Glucose is a monosaccharide & a hexose sugar.
- 15Why is Glucose considered a hexose sugar?Because it contains 6 carbon atoms in it's molecular structure.
- 16What is the general formula for all hexose sugars?C6H12O6
- 17What is the main energy source for most cells?Glucose. (For plants it's Sucrose.)
- 18Glucose in different forms can be known as?Structural isomers.
- 19What are the two types of common isomers (Glucose)?Alpha & Beta glucose.
- 20What is maltose formed from?Glucose & Glucose through a glycosidic bond.
- 21What is sucrose formed from?Fructose & Glucose.
- 22What is Lactose formed from?Glucose & Galactose
- 23What is maltose found in?Germinating seeds & in malt.
- 24What is Sucrose found in?All table sugars & a transplant sugar found in phloem.
- 25What is Lactose found in?Milk.
- 26What type of glycosidic bond does Maltose & Lactose have?1-4 Glycosidic bond.
- 27What type of glycosidic bonding does Sucrose countain?1-2 Glycosidic bond.
- 28How can Glycosidic bonds be broken?Through the addition of water (H2O) in a hydrolosis reaction.
- 29What type of reaction is the formation of glycosidic bonds?Condensation reaction.
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- Flashcards on Biological molecules, created by sadiaali363 on 25/10/2014.
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