15875621
Description
Flashcards by Chanelle Titchener, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Chanelle Titchener
over 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Long-term Memory | The memory of events from the past, and lasts anywhere between 2 mins & 100 yrs Potentially unlimited capacity and duration Semantic coding |
| Short-term Memory | The memory of immediate events, measured in seconds and minutes. Disappear unless rehearsed, and limited capacity (around 4 chunks) - acoustic coding - Working memory |
| Capacity | - Assessed using digit span - Jacobs (1887) - Average span of digits = 9.3 - Average span of letters = 7.3 = 9 digits 26 letters - Magic number 7+-2 - Miller (1956) - 5 letters or word up to 9 letters or words |
| Evaluation | Limited > Cowan (2001) reviewed studies on the capacity of STM - limited to 4 chunks > Research limited to visual info (= 4 chunks) - Chunk size matters > Simon (1974) - shorter memory span for larger chunks than smaller chunks |
| Duration | - Peterson et al (1959) - 24 students - 8 trials - constant syllable and 3 digits - Recall after 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 or 18 secs - 90% correct after 3 sec, 20% after 9 and 2% after 18 - Bahrick et al (1975) - 400 people aged 17-74 for photo recognition - 90% accurate within 15 yrs, 70% within 48 |
| Evaluation | Testing was artificial > Syllables do not accurately represent real-life memory activities (no relevance to real life) Displacement > Numbers from the Petersons' study may overwrite the syllables to be remembered |
| Coding | - Acoustic and Semantic Coding - Acoustically similar - cab, cat, can etc - Semantically similar - big, large, huge etc Baddeley (1966a/b) - Participants had difficulty remembering acoustically similar words in STM but not LTM, and semantically similar vice versa |
| Evaluation | May not have tested LTM > Baddeley - STM was tested using a recall list immediately after learning, LTM was tested after waiting 20 mins LTM may not just be semantic > Frost (1972) - long-term recall was related to visual and semantic categories |
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