GoConqr has a new look! Let us know what you think.

Sign up free

Flashcards

science final chapters 1-4

Brooklyn Summers English 200 cards

Cards in this deck (200)

  1. 1matteranything that has mass and takes up space.
  2. 2atoma small particle that is the building block of matter
  3. 3substancematter with a composition that is always the same
  4. 4elementa substance made of only one kind of atom
  5. 5moleculetwo or more atoms that are held together by chemical bond and act as a unit
  6. 6compounda substance made of two or more elements that are chemically joined in a specific combination
  7. 7mixturematter that can vary in composition
  8. 8heterogeneous mixturea mixture in which the substances are not evenly mixed
  9. 9homogeneous mixturea mixture in which two or more substances are evenly mixed but not joined together
  10. 10nucleusthe region at the center of an atom that contains most of the mass of the atom
  11. 11protona positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
  12. 12neutronan uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom
  13. 13electrona negatively charged particle that occupies the space in an atom outside the nucleus
  14. 14electron cloudthe region surrounding an atom's nucleus where one or more electrons are found
  15. 15atomic numberthe number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element
  16. 16isotopeone of two or more atoms of an element having the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons
  17. 17ionan atom that has a charge because it has gained or lost electrons
  18. 18dissolveto form a solution by mixing evenly
  19. 19chemical formulaa combination of symbols and numbers that represent a compound
  20. 20physical propertya characteristic of matter that you observe or measure without changing the identity of the matter
  21. 21massthe amount of matter in an object, not weight
  22. 22densitythe mass per unit volume of a substance
  23. 23solubilitythe ability of one substance to dissolve another
  24. 24melting pointthe temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
  25. 25boiling pointthe temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
  26. 26weightthe pull of gravity on an object. it can change with location
  27. 27state of mattersolid, liquid, gas, plasma
  28. 28magnetismattractive force for some metals
  29. 29conductivitythe ability of matter to conduct, or carry along, electricity or heat
  30. 30volumethe amount of spaces something occupies
  31. 31solidthe atoms are close together and vibrate in place
  32. 32liquidthe atoms can slide past each other, but still stay in contact with each other
  33. 33gasthe atoms move very quickly, spread out, and fill up their container
  34. 34physical changea change in the size, shape, form, or state of matter on which the matter's identity stays the same
  35. 35freezingthe opposite of melting
  36. 36condensingthe opposite of boiling
  37. 37chemical propertya characteristic of matter that can be observed as it changes to a different type of matter
  38. 38chemical changea change in matter in which the substances that make up the matter matter change into other substances with new physical and chemical properties
  39. 39concentrationthe amount of substance in a certain volume
  40. 40Law of Conservation of Massmass can neither be created or destroyed, but can change forms
  41. 41what is a substance?a type of matter that always is made of atoms in the same combinations
  42. 42how do atoms of different elements differ?they have a different number of protons
  43. 43how do mixtures differ from substances?the composition of a substance cannot vary, while the composition of a mixture can vary
  44. 44how can you classify matter?it can be classified as either a substance or a mixture
  45. 45what are some physical properties of matter?they include size, shape, texture, and state of matter
  46. 46how are physical properties used to separate mixtures?mixtures can be separate using density, melting point, boiling point, and size.
  47. 47how can a change in energy affect the state of matter?it can change the state of matter
  48. 48what happens when something dissolves?it mixes evenly in a substance
  49. 49what is meant by conservation of mass?the masses before and after a change in matter are equal
  50. 50what is a chemical property?they include the ability to burn, acidity, and ability to rust?
  51. 51what are some chemical changes?the formation of bubbles, a change in odor, a change in color, or a change in energy
  52. 52why are chemical equations useful?they show what happens during a chemical reaction
  53. 53what are some factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions?temperature, concentration, ans surface area
  54. 54sublimationthis occurs when a solid changes directly to a gas and bypasses the liquid state
  55. 55depositionthis occurs when a gas changes directly to a solid and bypasses the liquid state
  56. 56mass numberthe sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
  57. 57average atomic massthe average atomic mass of an element's isotopes, weighted according to the abundance of each isotope
  58. 58radioactiveenergy and particles that are spontaneously emitted as radiation
  59. 59nuclear decaya process that occurs when unstable atomic nucleus changes into another more stable nucleus by emitting radiation
  60. 60DemocritusGreek philosopher said atoms were small and undividable, and the properties of atoms determine the properties of matter.
  61. 61John Daltonschool teacher, atoms can't be divided, created, or destroyed. atoms combine in specific ratios
  62. 62scanning tunneling microscopea microscope that can see atoms
  63. 63modern atomic modelatom consists of a nucleus that contains protons and neutrons surrounded by an electron cloud
  64. 64alpha decaywhen an atom releases a particle consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons
  65. 65gamma decayno change in the identity of the element, but energy is released
  66. 66beta decaywhen a neutron becomes a proton an a high energy electron. the high energy electron is released
  67. 67alpha particlea type of nuclear radiation consisting of two protons and two neutrons
  68. 68what is an atomif you were to divide an element into smaller and smaller pieces, the smallest piece would be an atom
  69. 69how would you describe the size of an atom?they can only be seen by powerful scanning microscopes because they are so tiny
  70. 70how has the atomic model changed over time?the first model was a solid sphere. now, scientist know that an atom contains a dense nucleus and electron cloud
  71. 71what happens during nuclear decay?when an unstable atomic nucleus changes into another more stable nucleus by emitting radiation
  72. 72how does a neutral atom change when its number of protons, electrons, or neutrons change?if the number of protons change then the atom becomes a new element. if the number of neutrons change the atom becomes an isotope. if the number of electrons change the atom becomes an ion
  73. 73Marie Curiestudied radioactivity and discovered two new radioactive elements, polonium and radium
  74. 74Henri Becquerelstudied minerals containing the element uranium. the minerals spontaneously emitted energy even in the dark
  75. 75carbon-12 and carbon-14carbon isotopes
  76. 76which particle has a positive charge?proton
  77. 77which particle has a neutral charge?neutron
  78. 78which particle has a negative charge?electron
  79. 79what is the size of an electron compared to a proton and a neutron?1/1840
  80. 80Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)all matter consists of 4 elements, earth, air, water, and fire
  81. 81Bohr's atomic modelelectrons orbit the nucleus in defined circular levels around the nucleus
  82. 82quarksparticles that makeup protons and neutrons
  83. 83what are protons made of?2 up quarks and 1 down quark
  84. 84what are neutrons made of?1 up quark and 2 down quarks
  85. 85up, down, top, bottom, strange, and charmthe name of the six quarks
  86. 86oxygen-16 and oxygen-17oxygen isotopes
  87. 87what is an atom mostly made up of?empty space
  88. 88can atoms of one element be changed into atoms of another element? explain.nuclear decay can change atoms of one element into atoms of another element. a chemical reaction cannot change atoms from one element to another
  89. 89how small is an atom?7.5 trillion atoms take up the space om the period at the end of this sentence.
  90. 90what were the surprising results of Rutherford's gold foil experiment?the alpha particles were expected to pass straight through the gold foil. some alpha particles struck the foil and bounced off the side, while few bounced straight back
  91. 91what is a positive ion?when an atom lose one or more electrons
  92. 92what is a negative ion?when atom gains one or more electrons
  93. 93gluonsthe substance that holds quarks together
  94. 94which is smaller, an atom or a cell?cells are made up of millions of atoms
  95. 95Periodic Tablea chart of elements arranged into rows and columns according to their chemical and physical properties
  96. 96perioda row on the periodic table
  97. 97groupa column on the periodic table
  98. 98periodica repeating pattern
  99. 99Dimitri Mendeleeva Russian chemist who created the first periodic table arranged according to an element's atomic mass
  100. 100Henry Moseleya scientist who arranged the periodic table according to atomic number in the early 1900s
  101. 101element keyit shows an element's atomic number, chemical name, chemical symbol, and atomic mass
  102. 102metalan element that is generally shiny, can be pulled into thin wires, can be hammered in sheets, and can conduct electricity and thermal energy
  103. 103lusterthe ability of an substance to reflect light
  104. 104ductilitythe ability of a substance to be pulled into thin wires
  105. 105malleabilitythe ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets
  106. 106alkali metalthe elements in group 1 on the periodic table which include, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium
  107. 107alkaline earth metalsthe elements in group 2 on the periodic table which include, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium
  108. 108transition elementthe elements in groups 3-12 including the lanthinide and actinide series
  109. 109lanthinide seriestransition elements in period 6
  110. 110actinide seriestransition element in period 7
  111. 111nonmetalelements that have no metallic properties
  112. 112halogenan element in group 17 which includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine
  113. 113noble gasan element in group 18 which includes helium, neon, argon, krypton, and radon
  114. 114metalloidan element that has chemical and physical properties of both metals and nonmetals
  115. 115semiconductorit conducts electricity at high temperatures, but not at low temperatures
  116. 116how are elements arranged on the periodic table?according to their chemical and physical properties
  117. 117what can you learn about elements on the periodic table?elements in the same group have similar properties
  118. 118what elements are metals?elements on the left side and middle of the periodic table
  119. 119what are the properties of metals?properties include luster, ductility, malleability, and conductivity
  120. 120where are nonmetals located on the periodic table?on the right, top corner of the periodic table
  121. 121where are the metalloids located on the periodic table?between the metals and the nonmetals on the periodic table
  122. 122synthetic elementselements that are created in the laboratory
  123. 123can new elements be added to the periodic table?yes
  124. 124how many elements are on the modern periodic table?118
  125. 125which group of elements can be found in nature by themselvesnoble gases
  126. 126which element is more reactive? lithium or franciumfrancium
  127. 127which element is more reactive? fluorine or astatinefluorine
  128. 128which group of elements makes good magnets?the lanthanide series
  129. 129which group of elements make good fuels?the actinide series
  130. 130which group of elements contain uranium and plutonium?the actinide series
  131. 131which group of elements are used to make semiconductors?silicon and germanium
  132. 132which elements pair up with alkali metals to form salts?the halogens
  133. 133which elements react with water?the alkali metals
  134. 134which elements make good conductors of electricity and thermal energy?copper, silver, and gold
  135. 135which element has a higher density? sodium or leadlead
  136. 136which metal can float on water?lithium
  137. 137which element is the most abundant in the universe?hydrogen
  138. 138which is the mist abundant element found in stars?hydrogen
  139. 139group 1alkali metals
  140. 140group 2alkaline earth metals
  141. 141group 3-12transition elements
  142. 142group 17halogens
  143. 143group 18noble gases
  144. 144group 13boron family
  145. 145group 14carbon family
  146. 146group 15nitrogen family or pnictogen
  147. 147group 16oxygen family or chalcogens
  148. 148chemical bonda force that hold two or more atoms together
  149. 149valence electronan outermost electron of an atom that participates in chemical bonding
  150. 150electron (Lewis) dot diagrama model that represents valence electrons in an atom as dots around the element's chemical symbol
  151. 151covalent bonda chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons
  152. 152moleculea group of atoms held together by covalent bonding that acts as an independent unit
  153. 153polar moleculea molecule that has a partial positive end and a partial negative end because of unequal sharing of electrons
  154. 154chemical formulaa group of chemical symbols and numbers that represent the elements and the number of atoms of each element that make up a compound
  155. 155ionan atom that is no longer electrically neutral because it has gained or lost valence electrons
  156. 156ionic bondthe attraction between positively and negatively charged ions
  157. 157metallic bonda bond formed when many metal atoms share their pooled valence electrons
  158. 158neutral atoman atom that has the same number of electrons as neutrons
  159. 159charged atoman atom that has a different number of electrons as protons
  160. 160stable atoman atom that has a full valence energy level
  161. 161unstable atoman atom that does not have a full valence energy level
  162. 162twothe number of electrons that energy level 1 can have
  163. 163eightthe number of valence electrons that energy levels 2&3 can have
  164. 164noble gaseselements on the periodic table that have a full valence energy level
  165. 165nonmetal & nonmetalthey form covalent bonds
  166. 166nonmetal & metalthey form ionic bonds
  167. 167metal & metalthey form metallic bonds
  168. 168watera type of polar molecule
  169. 169single bondwhen two atoms share 1 pair of valence electrons
  170. 170double bondwhen two atoms share 2 pairs of valence electrons
  171. 171triple bondwhen two atoms share 3 pairs of valence electrons
  172. 172nonpolar moleculebonded atoms that share electrons equally
  173. 173threethe number of atoms in the chemical formula CO2
  174. 174types of nonpolar moleculescarbon dioxide, fats, oils molecular hydrogen, molecular oxygen, molecular nitrogen
  175. 175fourthe number of atoms in the chemical formula NH3
  176. 176twenty-fourthe number of atoms in the chemical formula C6H12O6
  177. 177KBran ionic compound
  178. 178CaOan ionic compound
  179. 179NaIan ionic compound
  180. 180COcovalent compound
  181. 181HCla covalent compound
  182. 182CO2a covalent compound
  183. 183covalent bonds vs. ionic bondscovalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds
  184. 184a type of bond that shares electronscovalent bond
  185. 185a type of bond that gains or loses electronsionic bond
  186. 186type of bond that has a "pool of electrons"metallic bond
  187. 187how is an electron's energy related to its distance from the nucleus?electrons with more energy are farther from the atom's nucleus and are in a higher energy level
  188. 188why do atoms gain, lose, or share electrons?in order to form stable compounds
  189. 189how do elements differ from the compounds they form?they have different chemical and physical properties
  190. 190what are some common properties of a covalent compound?they have low melting and boiling points =, they are usually a gas or liquid at room temperature, they are poor conductors of electricity
  191. 191why is water a polar molecule?the oxygen atom pulls more strongly on the shared valence electrons than the hydrogen atoms
  192. 192what is an ionic compound?when valence electrons move from a metal atom to a nonmetal atom
  193. 193how do metallic bonds differ from covalent and ionic bonds?the valence electrons are pooled among many metal atoms
  194. 194compounda substance that contains two or more elements
  195. 195diatomic moleculea substance that only contains two atoms of the same element
  196. 196energy levelone of seven known areas of space in which electrons move around the nucleus
  197. 197elements in each group number all have what in common?similar physical properties
  198. 198polar molecules dissolve ____other polar molecules
  199. 199nonpolar molecules dissolve ______other nonpolar molecules
  200. 200covalent compound properties-low melting and boiling points
    -poor conductors of electricity

Information

Description
Flashcards on science final chapters 1-4, created by Brooklyn Summers on 16/12/2018.
Views
1
Rating

Feedback

What is it about?

What do you think of the new look?

How do you like it?