Flashcards
Extra Reading: Tropical Biodiversity
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1Jones et al., 1999Suprisingly high level of self recruitment, female damselfish laid eggs on PVC toles, put into plastic bags with tetracycline, flurescent and taken up by the otoliths, presence of fluorescent band mean that the fish was makred at home reef
- 2Almany et al., 2007clownfish and butterfly fish, lazer ablation and plasma mass spectometry, measured stable isotope abundance in otoliths, 60% of juveniles returned to natal reef, 40% came from elsewhere - indicative of connectivity between reefs 5-10km apart
- 3Stallings, 2009Lots of sharks, groupers and snappers but with increase human population there were fewer sightings of large predators. Max fish size declines with increasing human populations and increasing latitude (Haiti and dominican republic)
- 4Myers & Worm, 2003Got data from long line fisheries - 6/12 fish per hook decreased to 0.5 - 2 fish per hook over 10 years. 60% large finfish and shark + ray decline in 5 years. 90% thailand mass lost (but unreliable catch data)
- 5Moore, 2005Insurance hypothesis
- 6Gardner, et al., 2003Coral to algal phase shift, fishing removes grazers + nutrients increase algal growth + mortality of urchins
- 7Schutte, et al., 2010acropora (white band disease) was the main cause of coral cover decrease. urchin death was the main cause of increase in algal cover
- 8Newman, et al., 2015when coral is lost and there is no recruitment and growth, complexity is lost - this decline effects sponges, corals and fish
- 9Williams & Polunin, 2000Compared MPAs and adjacent sites, Underwater visual census of all fish, fish of all trophic levels tend to be more abundant in effective MPAs, fish are likely to be bigger and bottom cover of coral was the same in both
- 10Russ, et al., 2005greater reef habitat complexity in reserves, no obvious changes over time, reef stable as habitat, not all respond in the same way, greater biomass of large fishery-target fish
- 11Russ, 2002Sumilian and Apo, How long until the biomass stabilises? Apo = 40 years, sumilian = much shorter
- 12Macneil, et al., 2015collated global data, gear and species restrictions can contribute significantly to recovery
- 13Mclanahan & Graham, 2005long-term changes needed, recovery of some important groups such as wrasse and triggerfish take 20-40 years
- 14Mora et al., 2003Speciation and dispersal of reef fish in the indo-pacific, how can centre of origin cause large scale gradients in species richness? IPR is centre
centre of origin hypothesis - IPR is highly connected so dispersal of larvae is faciliated
Centre of overlap - IPR is diverse due to different areas overlapping and species dispersing in all directions
Centre of accumulation - Speciaiton occurs to areas surroudning the IPR and they all disperse in the currents towards the IPR - 15Rocha et al,. 2005Mitochondiral DNA of 5 wrasse species was sequenced, all had very similar dispersal potentials, explores how allopatric speciation cannot cause all marine biodiversity (it is dififcult to instil areas of complete biogeographic isolation,
collected samples from 2 areas on both sides of the amazon barrier - distance did not consistently explain genetic variation among populations, genetic differences were distributed according to environmental differences and discrete areas - 16Dixon et al., 2008Coral reef fish smell leafs to find island homes, clown fish. recently settled down clownfish shower a preference for water from wreef with islands, water collected near islands and water treated with anemones of rainforest vegetation
So A. percula exhibits an innate olfactory attraction to rainforest vegetation and hence is attracted to reefs - 17Swearer et al., 2002Most demersal species have atwo-phase life cycle: a pelagic larval stage and benthic sedentary adult stage. It is accepted that larvae are able to recruit to their natal source population, or can self recruit.
evidence: Endemic species, seamounts 29-34% endemism
Jones et al., 1999 (tetracycline and pcv) - 18Munday, 2004Mechanisms of co-existence between two gobys, (Gobiodon histrio and G. erythropilus) competitive lottery means they can exist.
- 19Hughes, 1994Increase in human populatuon in Jamaica since 1970, 50% coral cover in 1970 to 5% today, 90% fleshy algal cover
BUT ITS AN OLD PAPER - 20Pauly, et al., 2013Can catch data be trusted to represent abundace? Yes - without ctach data there would be no signal of downwards trends
No - misleading, many other factors determine fisherman hauls - 21—
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- Semester 1 Flashcards on Extra Reading: Tropical Biodiversity, created by Molly Stockill on 02/01/2019.
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