Flashcards
Nutrition Flashcards Chapter 4
Cards in this deck (19)
- 1Name the function of the Digestive SystemThe breakdown of food into smaller components (nutrients), absorption of nutrients, and elimination of solid waste products.
- 2Name the function of the MouthTeeth chew (masticate) food making it easier to swallow, and increases its surface area which enables enzymes to have greater access to nutrients.
- 3Name the function of the Esophagustransfer a bolus into the stomach
- 4Name the function of the Stomachstores and mixes food; churning movements mix food with gastric juice, and as a result, some protein and fat in the chyme break down.
- 5Name the function of the Small IntestineThe small intestine is the primary site for nutrient digestion and absorption;The small intestine is the major site of chemical and mechanical digestion of nutrients. As mentioned, most digestion occurs in the duodenum and upper part of the jejunum
- 6Name the function of the Large Intestineabsorb water, and transmit waste from the body
- 7Where does the process of digesting food begin?The mouth/ Oral cavity
- 8Define peristalsis and segmentation.Peristalsis: Waves of muscular contractions that help move material through most of the digestive tract
Segmentation: Regular contractions of circular intestinal muscles followed by muscular relaxations that mix chyme within a short portion of the small intestine - 9What is the epiglottis and its purpose in the body?A flap of tough tissue that prevents the food from entering the larynx and trachea, it prevents choking by covering the larynx
- 10What is bolus and chyme?Bolus: Chewed food moistened and mixed with saliva (pre-digestion)
Chyme: The semi-liquid mass of food mixed with gastric juices (after digestion) - 11What are the Accessory Organs of the Digestive System?Liver, Gallbladdar, Pancreas
- 12What is the function of the Liver?Liver: processes and stores many nutrients, uses cholesterol to make bile
- 13What is the function of the Gallbladder?The gallbladder concentrates and stores bile until it is needed for fat digestion and absorption
- 14What is the function of the Pancreas?produces and secretes many of the enzymes that break down carbohydrates, protein, and fat in the GI tract, neutralizes the acidity of chyme
- 15Define villi and microvilli, and where they are found in the bodyVilli: Small intestine, increases surface area for good absorption, finger-like
Microvilli: Small intestine, Hair like projects extruding from enterocyte (outer absorbing layer of villi) that digest protein and carbs - 16Define probiotics and prebioticsProbiotics:are live microorganisms, primarily certain bacteria, that play a role in maintaining good health for their human hosts.(yogurt live cultures)
Prebiotics: food components, such as dietary fiber, that are not broken down by human digestive enzymes but are used as fuels by beneficial bacteria in the large intestine.( Soybeans, berries, garlic, barley, kale, and legumes) - 17What do organs and tissues used to send messages to target cells?Hormones
- 18Identify the three digestive hormones, where they are secreted from, and their purpose in the digestive system.Gastrin: secreted from stomach; Triggers parietal cells to release HCl and chief cells to release pepsinogen; Stimulates stomach and small intestinal motility
Secretin: secreted from small intestine, de-acidify chyme to enter
Cholecystokinin (CCK): small intestine, fat breakdown, release of bile from gallbladder - 19Define and understand the signs and symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), and Crohn’s Disease.Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Cramps, abnormal bowel function, irritation
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Swollen inflammation of GI tract
Crohn's Disease: Immune system attacks normal cells, patches of inflammation.
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- Nutrition (Unit 1 Test) Flashcards on Nutrition Flashcards Chapter 4, created by Hannah Boyer on 13/02/2019.
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