17102609
Description
Flashcards by Darcey Harvey, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Darcey Harvey
about 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Define Differentiation | Process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job |
| What happens as cells change? | They develop different subcellular structures and turn into different types of cells. |
| What does this allow them to do? | Carry out specific functions |
| When does most differentiation occur? | When an organism develops |
| Explain what happens to an animal cell's ability to differentiate | It is lost at an early stage, after they become specialised |
| Explain what happens to a plant cell's ability to differentiate | Lots of plant cells don't lose their ability to differentiate |
| What are cells that differentiate in mature animals used for? | Repairing and replacing cells such as skin or blood cells |
| What are undifferentiated cells called? | Stem Cells |
| What are sperm cells specialised for? Describe its functions | - for reproduction - has a long tail and streamlined head to swim to egg - Lots of mitochondria to provide energy needed - Carries enzymes in head to digest through egg cell membrane |
| What are nerve cells specialised for? Describe its functions | - Rapid signalling - function is to carry electrical signals from one part of body to another - Cells are long (to cover more distance) - have branched connections at their ends to connect to other nerve cells and form network in body |
| What are muscle cells specialised for? Describe its functions | - contraction - to contract quickly - cells are long (have space to contract) - contain lots of mitochondria to generate the energy needed for contraction |
| What are root hair cells specialised for? Describe its functions | - for absorbing water and minerals - cells on surface of plant roots, they grow into long hairs that stick out into soil - gives plant big surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions |
| What are phloem and xylem cells specialised for? Describe its functions | - for transporting substances - form phloem and xylem tubes which transport substances like food and water - cells are long and joined end to end - xylem cells hollow in the centre - phloem have very few subcellular structures so that things can flow through |
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