Flashcards
GI Tract Overview - 1st year
Cards in this deck (36)
- 1Describe a grazerlarge amounts of food with poor digestibility
wider muzzles, less motile lips
cows, sheep, horses etc. - 2Describe a browserIt leaves and birds they are more selective eaters like rabbits
- 3What are the layers of the wall of the digestive tractMucosa, submucosa, circular musculature, longitudinal musculature, serosa
- 4What is the function of gastrinIt is found in the caudal parts of the stomach and it increases hydrochloric acid and aids growth of mucosa it is released from endocrine cells
- 5What is the function of gastric inhibitory peptideIt is produced in the cranial small intestine and stimulated by fat glucose and amino acids. it decreases hydrochloric acid production
- 6What is the function of secretinIt is produced in the duodenum when hydrogen ions are present in the small intestine it stimulates production of HCO3 in the pancreas
- 7What is the function of cholecystokininIt is secreted mainly in the duodenum in the presence of fatty acid’s monoglycerides amino acid’s and peptides in the small intestine it stimulates secretion and production of pancreatic enzymes and contracts gallbladder
- 8What are the three phases of regulationCephalic gastric and intestinal
- 9What is the cephalic phaseTakes place before food enters the stomach it is the change in secretion and motility
- 10What is the gastric phaseChanges in digestive tract secretion and motility initiated in the stomach
- 11What is the intestinal phaseAlterations in volume and composition of the luminal contents particularly in the duodenum the fact secretion and motility a digestive tract
- 12What is the dental formula of a dogI3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3
- 13What salivary glands are present in the dogSerous: parotid
Mixed: mandibular & sublingual - 14What is saliva comprised of?98% water, mucin and ions
- 15What animal produces the most salivary amylase?pig
- 16What is the function of salivary amylase?neutralises acid produced by bacteria to protect enamel
- 17How does saliva reduce # of bacteria in the mouth?lysozyme and antibodies
- 18What types of reflexes can increase rate or salivary secretion?long loop reflexes: congenital and conditioned
- 19What does the surface of the reticulum look like?criss cross ridges
- 20What does the surface of the omasum look like?leaf patterns
- 21What are the 3 types of contractions?mixing
related to rumination
related to eructation - 22How can you classify rumen bacteria?primary/secondary
amolytic/cellulolytic/proteolytic/methanogenic - 23Describe absorption of the forestomachwater is absorbed during fermentation along with nutrients, most of the VFAs are absorbed in the forestomach and lactic acid/ammonia/inorganic ions are absorbed.
- 24What are the 4 types of cells found in the stomach glands?mucous
parietal
chief
endocrine - 25What do parietal cells produce?HCl and intrinsic factor (for Vit B12 absorption)
- 26What do chief cells produce?Pepsinogen
- 27What is the function of pepsinogen?inactive form of pepsin. HCl activates it and as pepsin, it breaks down protein
- 28What do the endocrine cells produce in the stomach glands?Gastrin and Histamine.
- 29What causes a decrease in the rate of stomach emptying?increased pressure in duodenum
decreased pH in duodenum
increased fat/peptide conc. / osmolarity in duodenum - 30What are the functions of HCl in the stomach?activate pepsinogen -> pepsin
acidify stomach for pepsin's optimal conditions
prevent fermentation by killing bacteria
degrade large chunks of food - 31What is rennin needed for in young ruminants?coagulate milk to allow for an increased retention time -> more complete digestion
- 32What is the function of Trypsin?Trypsinogen is activated by enteropeptidase (from s intestine endocrine cell) to trypsin which cleaves peptide bonds
- 33What;s the function of secretin?stimulate pancreatic bicarbonate
- 34Function of cholecystokinin?stimulated by increase in conc. of metabolites of fat and protein degredation.
Stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes - 35Functions of the liver:bile
cholesterol production
inactivating hormones/drugs/toxins
blood coagulation factors
plasma proteins - 364 abdominal wall muscles:External abdominal oblique
internal abdominal oblique
transverse abdominal
rectus abdominis
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- GI Flashcards on GI Tract Overview - 1st year, created by Jennah Swindells on 08/05/2019.
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- Jennah Swindells
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