Flashcards
Revision Flashcards Learning Aim A
Cards in this deck (75)
- 1Communication - Lets people keep in touch. Moving data in the form of text, photos, video and audio.Examples
Emails, instant messaging,
social networks, blogging, online conferencing. - 2Communication Pros and cons+ Easy for extended families and
friends to keep in touch.
- Cyber-bullying and trolls. - 3Real time services - Provides up-to-date info. Constantly updated for people who need to get the latest information.Examples
Train timetables, flight updates,
weather reports, news services. - 4Real time Pros and cons+ Can save people time and
trouble such as when catching
trains and planes.
- Downtime damages public
image such as for airports
and train companies. - 5Commerce - For businesses. Involves money in some way.Examples
Online shopping, auctions (eBay),
banking, publishing. - 6Commerce Pros and cons+ Convenience of home
delivery for online shopping.
- Security e.g. credit
card fraud. - 7Government - Official public services. Local councils and national government collecting taxes.Examples
Paying personal taxes, paying car tax, paying student loans online. - 8Government Pros and cons+ Cuts cost of government
because it reduces the need for
people to process paperwork.
- Not everyone has online
access. - 9Education - For workplaces and schools. Involves training for the workplaces and learning services for schools.Examples
Online training for construction
trades or online learning (bitesize). - 10Education Pros and cons+ Users can work online at
their own pace.
- Must have internet
access. - 11Entertainment - For leisure and fun. Services available for use on the move for personal entertainment.Examples
Catch-up TV services, radio players,
music streaming sites. - 12Entertainment Pros and cons+ Services can be
accessed on the move.
- Need broadband for
media services. - 13Business - For companies to use. The websites are used to increase efficiency and save money.Examples
Skype or special internal websites
that are called 'Intranets'. - 14Business Pros and cons+ Cuts travel costs for staff
and Intranet is a secure way to
share files and info.
- Staff need training. - 15Download - To download resources online. Used to download from LEGAL services such as for games, music and movies.Examples
iTunes for music or online streaming
for games. - 16Download Pros and cons+ Not piracy/ legal and no
need for 'old' methods such as
waiting for DVDs in the post.
- Need fast internet to
download large files. - 17Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) - For use in schools. Provides virtual classrooms for students and teachers.Examples
Moodle is a Virtual Learning
Environment (VLE). - 18Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) Pros and cons+ Upload work for feedback
and share via forums.
- Set-up and training costs. - 19Pay-per-click Also called the affiliate model as the companies act as partners or affiliates.A host website displays an ad for another company and the host website earns money from the company for each visitor that clicks on the ad and are sent to the company's site.
- 20Disadvantages of pay-per-click advertisingOne disadvantage of pay-per-click as an online advertising method is competition with keywords which could mean that the company is at the bottom of the search page rankings.
- 21Disadvantages of pay-per-click advertisingAnother disadvantage of it is that
there is a vague use of keywords
means that although people click to
find out what it is advertising there are
no sales from the click as the website
may not be what they are looking for. - 22Type of online advertising- Sponsored linksWhen companies pay to get their
links at the top so that they are
listed first by search engines. - 23Type of online advertising- BannersThese are ads that are placed at the
top of the page so they won't be
missed and are the first thing
noticed by potential customers. - 24Type of online advertising- Pop-upsThese appear in a new tab so
are more visible than ads that are on the page as they cover some of the content. - 25Type of online advertising- EmailMarketing emails that are sent to the customer's inbox when they signed up to the website. Illegal spam is when they are sent to a lot of people that are not signed up to that website.
- 26Why companies choose to advertise online- MultimediaOnline advertisements use videos with audio and animations to grab attention.
- 27Why companies choose to advertise online- Targeting and cookiesPeople's online behaviour is tracked
using small text files called cookies.
Sites access cookies to display ads
based on the interests shown by
searches and page views. - 28Why companies choose to advertise online- LinksOnline ads try hard to get people
to click links direct to the
advertiser's site. - 29How ads can be annoying- Personal privacyNot everyone is happy with use of
cookies and history. - 30How ads can be annoying- AdwareType of malware that generates
unwanted ads, often as pop-ups. - 31How ads can be annoying- Auto-play videoSome ads play video as soon as
the page loads. - 32How ads can be annoying- DistractionAds can take your attention
from what you're trying to do. - 33Online community/ network of friends A group that only exists online. Some require the members to be online at the same time (online gaming) whereas others can interact at different times (community on a VLE).Examples
Social networking sites that
connect people with similar interests or a virtual world such as Second Life that only exist online. - 34Blog and Vlog A web log or online journal or video blog (vlog) that's meant to be updated often.Who Blogs?
Businesses promoting news and
product information, 'fans' using blog
and vlog, creative professionals
showcasing their work and
journalists sharing stories. - 35Micro-blogging A website or app where short messages are exchanged (e.g. Twitter).Who Micro-blogs?
Friends sharing updates, professionals linking with colleagues about work,
businesses sharing news and
product information and
celebrities in touch with fans. - 36Chatroom A place on the web where many users online at the same time can communicate 'live'.Who uses a Chatroom?
People with shared interests
(e.g. football) and professionals
who work in the same industry. - 37Wikis Sites where authorized users can log on to add or edit content.Who uses Wikis?
Teams who want to collaborate
on a central pool of information
and people with a shared interest
or hobby. - 38Podcasts Downloadable audio or video files that are usually published in installments.Who uses Podcasts?
Media channels sharing TV and
radio shows, musicians and
comedians sharing gigs and
businesses for promotion of their products. - 39Instant messaging Form of 'chat' where people are online at the same time and post messages in 'real-time' (live).Who uses IM/ Chat?
Businesses offering online
support to customers and people
on social networks
(e.g. using chat window). - 40NetiquetteNetiquette is a set of rules for
users online (e.g. avoid UPPERCASE).
It comes from the word 'etiquette'
which means a code of behaviour. - 41Profile and avatarA profile is a user's online presence
such as on social media. People
decide what to show and how much
is true. An avatar is an image to
represent you. - 42EmoticonsAlso known as smileys or
emojis are images that
represent emotions. - 43Voice Over internet protocol (VoIP) A method of real-time communication over the internet (e.g. Skype)Audio and video data is
transmitted between computers.
The computers are connected via their unique IP (Internet Protocol) addresses (like a phone number for a computer).
VoIP is used for online meetings or 'video conferencing' in businesses. - 44Hardware needed for VoIPFor the video, a webcam is
required, either standalone
or built into the device.
For the audio, a mic and
speakers are needed or an
individual headset. - 45Advantages of VoIPUses internet so no additional costs,
if there is internet connection you are
able to connect anywhere, reduces
travel costs for staff as they don't
have to fly anywhere and better
for collaboration as documents can
be shown on the screen also. - 46Disadvantages of VoIPRelies on internet connection so it can
be slow/ buffer or cut out, data exchanged online is at risk of security threats such
as hackers especially when working
with confidential information and
voice quality can be affected when
transmitted over the internet. - 47Ubiquitous Computing Where processors are built into everyday objects that are connected online.Examples- Processors are built into smartwatches, GPS/ satnavs to direct the driver, smoke alarms to detect smoke and set off fire alarms and sprinklers,automatic doors to sense people and open and self-service checkouts by using bar codes.
- 48Ubiquitous computing / The Internet EverywhereUbiquitous computing provides a more accurate system and eliminates human error which means the company will benefit from fewer errors in ordering costs etc. It also allows individual stock items to be traced, located and retrieved using an RFId chip system that can monitor the stock.
- 49Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Chips A way to embed processors into objects. Used to identify and track products for stock control. Like a bar code but doesn't need scanning.Examples- A cat could have a RFID chip embedded in its collar so only that animal would be allowed through the cat flap, a fridge can monitor and order groceries when a product is placed inside and a RFID scanner are by the exit of shops so it can identify if a product has been stolen.
- 50Why RFId chips are better than traditional bar codes- - They can store more information - They can lead to greater efficiency in warehouse tasksThis means that the additional
information collected can be used
to improve stock control and planning.
This is because RFID chips can
identify/ scan multiple items at once. - 51Cloud Computing When you use external servers instead of your hard drive for storage.The external servers are called hosts and are owned by a hosting company. Some well-known hosting companies are Dropbox, Google and Microsoft. Users can access software, data and storage from their hosting company. They can all be accessed using a web browser.
- 52Advantages of cloud computing-Cost savings- you only have to pay for the storage you use, rather than having to buy and maintain all the server hardware.
-Anytime, anywhere- you can access your files and data from anywhere in the world as long as there is an internet connection. - 53Disadvantages of cloud computing-Reliability and speed- a poor hosting service can mean the servers are slow or they crash and the service goes down.
-Security- you have to trust the hosting company to keep your files safe, otherwise there is a risk from hackers. - 54Online softwareAn online software is
accessed over the Internet
via your web browser.
Key advantage: You can access
the software on all devices e.g.
PC, Mac and tablet. - 55Standalone softwareA standalone software is
installed on your computer,
from a CD or downloaded.
Key advantage: It's on your hard
drive so runs fast and doesn't
require the internet. - 56Advantages of an online software - Back-up and restoreHaving a back-up online means a
copy of your files are stored on
the web server, so you can restore
the files if there's a problem. - 57Automatic updatesGetting an upgrade on the software
used to mean getting a new CD.
But an online software is
updated automatically so you will
have the latest version of the software. - 58Pay monthlyFor an online software, you don't
need to pay a full price for a
software product on a CD. Instead,
you can 'pay monthly' so the
software price is more affordable. - 59Save on hardwareIf a business uses an online software,
it doesn't need to buy its own
servers because the software and
files will be stored online. This saves
the business money. - 60Disadvantages of an online software - ReliabilityIf your online software service is unavailable due to poor internet connection, you can't access your
files and make changes. - 61SecurityYour online software service could be
at risk from hackers wanting to
access files. - 62Advantages of a standalone software - EditingNo internet connection is needed
as opposed to an online software
where if the internet connection is
slow changes can't be made. - 63SecurityThere is no risk of hackers as
the files from the software will be
saved to your internal server so
hackers won't be able to access it. - 64Disadvantages of a standalone software - UpdatesEvery time the software is updated,
the new version would need to
be either installed or bought by
a new CD, whereas an online software would be updated automatically. - 65Saving changesTo save changes made to a file on
a standalone software, you would need
to save it yourself every now and then so
if you hadn't saved your work and
the software crashed, your work would
go whereas an online software would
save automatically. - 66File compression - Squeezing data to reduce file sizes for storage and sending.- Compression is done
using an algorithm.
- Files are zipped
- Afterwards, they are
unzipped or extracted - 67Advantages / Why is compression used?- File sizes can be reduced so it
saves memory space.
- Smaller file sizes mean faster downloads.
- If you need to send lots of files via email, you can send in just one compressed folder so it saves time and effort. - 68'Zip' compressionSome email services limit the number
or file size of attachments. One solution
is to zip lots of files in one folder to
send. The receiver can then unzip,
extract or expand the folder to access
all the files. - 69Compressing an imageImages can be compressed using lossy
compression where differences in shades of color are rewritten by the program to be the same shade therefore the numbers of colors are reduced making the file smaller. - 70Compression algorithmsEach compression tool uses an
'algorithm' which is a method to
reduce the data. One method for
reducing the size of text files is to
cut all repeating words. - 71IndexAfter cutting the repeated words, an
index is created to store the position of
all the cut words. Later, the index can
be used to put the original text
back together. - 72Advantages of collaboration online Online services allow people to work on the same project, or even the same document, so:- Staff can collaborate online, even if
they're in different places or countries.
- They don't need to travel, which
saves money and helps the environment.
- You only need one version of a
document, which everyone can edit. - 73Online software - Levels of accessRestrictions are set at logon:
- Staff can access areas
depending on their role.
- Students and teachers see
different parts of the network. - 74Online software - File permissionsSettings that control what users
can do to a file:
- Read- View only
- Read/Write - View and edit
- Owner/Full control - Anything,
even delete - 75Online software - Version controlWhen lots of people can edit a
document, it's vital to show
which is the latest version
e.g. filenames can use
numbers or dates.
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- GCSE IT Flashcards on Revision Flashcards Learning Aim A, created by Saimah Meah on 14/10/2019.
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