1997185
Description
Flashcards by Charlotte Lyon-Tiger, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Charlotte Lyon-Tiger
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Acid | Species that is a Proton Donor |
| Activation Energy | Minimum energy required to start a reaction by the breaking of bonds |
| Alicyclic Hydrocarbon | Hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined in a ring structure |
| Aliphatic Hydrcarbon | Hydrocarbon with carbons joined in a straight or branched chain |
| Alkali | A base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions |
| Atom Economy | Molecular mass of desired product -------------------------------------------------- X 100 Sum of molecular masses of all products |
| Atomic orbital | Region in atom which can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins |
| Average Bond Enthalpy | The average enthalpy change that takes place when breaking by homolytic fission, one mole of a given type of bond in the molecules of a gaseous species |
| Carbanion | Organic ion in which a carbon atom has a negative charge |
| Carbocation | Organic ion in which a carbon atom has a positive charge |
| Concentration | Amount of solute in mol, per 1dm3 (1000cm3) of solution: n=CxV(dm3) C=n/V(dm3) |
| Cracking | Breaking down of long chain saturated hydrocarbons to form a mixture of shorter chained alkanes and alkenes |
| Delocalised Electrons | Electrons shared between more than 2 atoms |
| E/Z isomerism | Type of stereo-isomerism in which different groups attached to each carbon of a C=C bond may be arranged differently in space due to restricted rotation of the C=C bond |
| Electron Shielding | Repulsion between electrons in different shells. Shielding reduces net attractive force from the nucleus on the outer shell electrons |
| Electrophilic Addition | Addition reaction Electrophile attracted to electron-rich centre or atom Accepts a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond |
| Empirical Formula | Simplest whole ratio of atoms of each element in a compound |
| Endothermic Reaction | Enthalpy of products is greater than that of the reactants resulting in heat being taken in from the surroundings |
| Exothermic Reaction | Enthalpy is greater in reactants than products resulting in heat being given out to surroundings |
| Standard Enthalpy Change of Combustion | The enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of a substance combusts completely with oxygen under standard conditions. |
| Standard Enthalpy change of Formation | Standard change of enthalpy when one mole of a compound is formed from its constituent elements in their standard states |
| Enthalpy cycle | A diagram showing alternative routes between reactants and products |
| Esterification | Reaction between an alcohol and c carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water |
| Functional group | Part of a organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions |
| Giant covalent lattice | Three dimensional structure of atoms bonded together by strong covalent bonds |
| Giant ionic lattice | Three dimensional structure of oppositely charged ions bonded together by ionic bonds |
| Hess' Law | If a reaction can take place by more than one route and the initial and final conditions are the same, the total enthalpy change is the same for each route |
| Ion | A positively or negatively charged atom or (covalently bonded) group of atoms (molecular ion) |
| Ionic bond | Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| Le Chatelier's Principle | When a system in dynamic equilibrium is subject to change, the position of the equilibrium shifts to minimise the change |
| Lone pair | outer shell pair of electrons not involved in chemical bonding |
| Metallic Bond | Electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons |
| Nomenclature | system of naming compounds |
| Percentage Yield | Actual amount, in mol of product --------------------------------- x 100 Theoretical amount, in mol of product |
| Radical Substitution | Substitution reaction where a radical replaces a different atom or group of atoms |
| Stereoisomers | Compounds with same structural formula but with a different arrangement of atoms in space |
| Volatility | The ease with which a liquid turns into a gas |
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