21650800
Description
Flashcards by Emilee Strohl, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Emilee Strohl
about 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Arteries/Arterioles (Oxygenated blood) | Arteries: The larger vessel that carries blood away from the heart. Under greater pressure that is why the layers are stronger and thicker. Arterioles: A smaller version of arteries. The prime controller of BP. Serves as a gatekeeper to capillaries. Responds to the nervous system and hormones |
| Veins/Venules (deoxygenated blood) | Veins: The larger vessel that takes blood to the heart. They have valves to prevent backflow. Venules: The smaller version of veins |
| Capillaries | Smallest blood vessel (large surface area and blood move slowly) where gas exchange occurs. Blood is brought close to tissue (alveoli in the case of lungs) to allow diffusion from high concentration to low concentration. |
| Layers of blood vessels | Inner Layer: Epithelial lining Smooth muscle layer Outer layer: Connective tissue |
| Blood Pressure | Vasoconstriction: Vessel diameter gets smaller, therefore, BP goes up. This is regulated adrenaline (epinephrine) which triggers Ca needed to contract smooth muscle. Vasodilation: Vessel diameter gets bigger, therefore, BP goes down. |
| Heart Basics | Myocardium: Muscle part of the heart Endocardium: Lining of the heart chambers (Atria and Ventricles) Pericardium: Outer sac filled with fluid surrounding and protecting the heart. |
| Coronary Circulation | Vessels on the surface of the heart provide blood to the heart muscles |
| Artificial Pacemaker/ Defibulators | Artificial Pacemaker: takes over the SA node's normal function. Defibulators: Generate jolt of electricity to rest normal heartbeat |
| Heart Rate | Normal: 60-80 contractions per min. This can change when there is an inc. in oxygen demands or change in blood pH |
| Blood Pressure Measurements | Amount of pressure against the walls of blood vessel (Heard best in arteries) Systolic pressure: top#, when the ventricles contract Diastolic Pressure: Bottom#, when ventricles relax |
| BP Regulation | Regulated through water retention and release from kidneys. Retention Hormones: Anti-diuretic, Aldosterone Release Hormones: Atrial Natriuretic Hormone Can, also, be regulated through vasoconstriction/vasodilation |
| Ideal BP ECG/EKG | Ideal BP: systolic <120/ diastolic <80 Hypotension: Low BP <90/<60 ECG/EKG: Measures electrical events in the heart |
| Functions of the Respiratory System | Gas exchange, transport, microbial defense, vocal communication, and regulation of pH |
| Nasal Cavity | Filters and moistens the air, sense of smell, has hair and cilia for filtration, has mucus to trap microbes and moisten tissue |
| Pharynx (throat) | Connects nasal cavity to trachea |
| Larynx | Voicebox made of cartilage w/ surrounding ligaments and sounds is made when air goes over these chords |
| Trachea | Cartilage rings covered w/ epithelial tissue, mucus, and cilia. Surrounded in smooth muscle |
| Bronchi | Branches off the trachea that moves toward the left and right side covered w/ mucus and cilia |
| Bronchioles | Smaller branches off the bronchi and is covered in mucus with alveoli at the ends |
| Alveoli | The cluster of air sacs made of epithelial tissue where gas exchange occurs. Surfactant is secreted from here which decreases the surface tension of the pleural membrane of the lungs keeping alveoli open |
| Amount of lobes in the lungs | Right Lung: 3 Left Lung: 2 |
| Breathing Rate | Controlled by the concentration of CO2 in the blood. The main goal is to get rid of CO2 |
| Ventilation Rate | Controlled by the Breathing Control Centers in the medulla oblongata. Responds to high levels of CO2 and low levels of pH |
| BCC | As CO2 levels elevate some is converted to carbonic acid which lowers the pH of the blood by making it more acidic and bonds to hemoglobin. BCC in newborns is triggered when the umbilical cord is cut |
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