Flashcards
Population key terms
Cards in this deck (37)
- 1Issues of rapid population growth•Over population
•Housing - squatter settlements
•Crime
•Unemployment - no money
•Pollution
•Waste
•Food
•Fossil fuels - 2Population densityTotal population
______________
Area - 3Factors affecting population density - Physical•Soil quality effects farming and therefore food supply
•Climate
•Natural disaster
•Resources
•Relief of the land - 4Factors affecting population density - Human•War
•Urbanisation
•Employment
•Political/government effect where development takes place
•Crime - 5Birth rateNumber of live births per 1000 population per year
- 6Death rateNumber of deaths per 1000 population per year
- 7Natural changeThe difference between the birth rate and the death rate
(Whether the population increases or decreases) - 8Life expectancyThe average number of years a person is expected to live
- 9Infant mortalityThe number of infants which die before their first birthday
- 10Fertility rateThe average umber of children a woman will have in her lifetime
- 11MigrationThe movement of people into or out of an area
- 12DTM Stage 1•High fluctuating
•High birth and death rate
•eg. Rainforest tribes
•No contraception
•No medication
•Famine
•Disease
•Unhealthy living conditions - 13DTM Stage 2•Early expanding
•High birth rate
•Decreasing death rate
•eg. Uganda or Chad
•Use children for work
•Healthcare improves
- 14DTM Stage 3•Late expanding
•Birth rate decreases
•Low death rate
•eg. China
•Policies
•Amancipation of women
•Clean water
•Healthcare
- 15DTM Stage 4•Low fluctuating
•Low birth rate
•Low death rate
•eg. UK
•Access to contraception
•People want to work
•Good health care
- 16DTM Stage 5•Decline
•Low birth rate
•Death rate increases
•eg. Germany
•Family planning
•War
•Illness
•Ageing population
- 17Population pyramid•FInd out the birth rate, death rate, life expectancy
•Shows us the age and gender structure of a country
•Learn the life expectancy of a country - 18Dependency ratio% of children under 15 + % of elderly over 65
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% of economically active adults aged 15 - 64 - 19Health - Factors affecting population growth•High standard health care will lower infant mortality, and lower birth rate, since they won't need to have as many children to ensure that they survive
•Health care will prolong life expectancy and lower death rate
•Contries with good health and diets will have low death rates, yet malnutrition will cause high death rates
•Health care will include medication to stop diseases such as Aids and HIV decreasing death rate - 20Education - Factors affecting population growth•Emancipation of women will reduce birth rate since women are working
•Compulsory education will educate people about hygiene and contraception, hygiene will reduce death rate and contraception will decrease birth rate
•Very high standards of education may produce the paths to high jobs such as Doctors which will in time reduce death if there are more - 21Social Provisions - Factors affecting population growth•Proper social care provided for the elderly will decrease death rate
•Clean water will reduce death rate since cholera will be less common, also people are able to wash themselves properly increasing hygiene
•Availabitlity of media makes it easier for People to be educated about current diseases spreading and educate them about hygiene which will reduce death rate - 22Cultural Factors - Factors affecting population growth•In some religions, people are respected if they have many children, increasing birth rate
•yet some cultures disregard having children causing a lower birth rate
•Some religions view birth control and abortions as bad so then there will be a higher birth rate
•Non-secular countries will use contraception decreasing birth rate
•Some religions regulate women causing them to not work and, therefore, have children - 23Political Factors - Factors affecting population growth•Some countries provide benefits to encourage people to have children eg. France
•Some countries will provide benefits if you have fewer children eg. China
•If high taxes then there may be a low birth rate since people can't afford children
•If young people migrate then this may increase death rate since it will leave behind an ageing population
•During war, the birth rate will decrease and the death rate will increase - 24Environmental factors - Factors affecting population growth•Natural disasters will cause many deaths
•People may migrate due to fear of natural disasters reducing the population
•Climate can affect population, warm countries will cause the spread of disease to increase, increasing deaths and cold climates may also increase deaths due to the lack of supplies and conditions of the cold weather
•Heavy industry will increase pollution in the air and water which may cause more deaths
•If clean water in unavailable then this could increase infant mortality - 25Social - Factors affecting Fertility•Level of heath care - Improvements in health care and sanitation will decline infant mortality
•Availability of contraception - Couples with knowledge of this will then cause the birth rate to decline
•Level of education - Due to the knowledge of sex education, this will decrease the population
•High literacy - This will increase the knowledge and cause them to get good jobs which may cause a decline in birth rate - 26Cultural - Factors affecting Fertility•Relgion - Islam and Roman catholic are against contraception so this will increase the population
•Demand - Some religions or traditions demand a high rate of fertility
•Status of women - In some countries women are obliged to produce as many children as possible
•Machismo - having many children is a sign of wealth in some coutnries - 27Economic - Factors affecting fertility•Employment - Emancipation of women will mean that women have fewer children
•Cost of children - the cost of children is increasing, now £250,000 and some people can not afford this - 28Factors affecting mortality rates•Age distribution - if and ageing population then there will be moe deaths
•Gender - Men die younger so if more men then there will be more deaths
•Occupation - If in army or dangerous jobs then this will increase death
•Income - If high income then can afford food and will live longer yet if low income then you will have a low life expectancy
•Literacy - if high literacy then good income so will have a high life expectancy
•Food - countries with low food supply will be malnourished causing more deaths
•Medical - if good health then will reduce spread of disease and increase life expectancy - 29Different reasosn to migrate•Economic migration - move to seek a new job or follow a certain career
•Environmental migration - moving due to natural disasters or if bad climate
•Social migration - Moving to be closer to family and friends or for better quality of life
•Political migration - Moving to escape war, political unrest or persecution - 30Push factorsReasons to leave a certain area
•War
•Crime
•Unemployment
•Natural diasters
•Lack of servces
•Poverty - 31Pull factorsReasons to go to a certain area
•Less crime
•No natural disasters
•Political stability
•Employment
•Good standard of living
•Fertile land - 32Agenda 21UN sustainable development programme
- 33Sustainable development strategies•Monitering air and water quality
•Pormoting energy efficiency
•Establishing effective recycling
•Creating efficient forms of public transport
•Carrying out population management - 34Causes of an ageing population•Emancipation of women
•Later age of marriage leading to people having children later or not at all
•Contraception
•Increasing cost of children - now £250,000 - 35Overpopulation•Too many people in an area relative to the amount of resources and technology available to maintain a high standard of living
•Caused by increase in birth and migration - 36Underpopulation•Too few people in the area to use the resources effectively
•Caused by increase in emigration and death - 37Optimum Population•The population us such that it can maximise the benefits from the resources available, only optimum when the quality of life is maximised
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- A-Level Geography (Population) Flashcards on Population key terms, created by Isobel Wagner on 19/04/2015.
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- Isobel Wagner
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