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Flashcards

The Skeletal System

stephabraham PE 10 English 67 cards

The Skeletal System

Cards in this deck (67)

  1. 1The Skeleton Is:The name given to the collection of bones that hold our body.
  2. 2How many bones does a baby have?305 bones
  3. 3How many bones does an adult have?206 bones
  4. 4Why do we have more bones as a baby?Because as we grow, some of our bones join together to form one together.
  5. 5What makes up a bone?50% water and 50% solid matter (calcium and phosphate).
  6. 6What is a bone?A living structure, capable of growth, adaption and repair.
  7. 7First function of the Skeletal SystemProvides a framework to which the soft tissues attach and gives the body shape.
  8. 8Second function of the Skeletal SystemMovement: the bones are the leavers in which our muscles pull.
  9. 9The third function of the Skeletal SystemProtects our vital organs eg. the skull protects the brain, ribs protect the heart and lungs.
  10. 10The forth function of the Skeletal SystemBlood cell formation-the long bones contain bone marrow which produces all new red blood cells and white blood cells.
  11. 11The last function of the Skeletal SystemStores mineral salts especially calcium
  12. 12What are the two major divisions of the Skeletal System?The Axial and Appendicular Skeleton.
  13. 13What does the axial skeleton consist of?Bones which lie around the longitudinal axis of the body eg. the skull, vertebral column (spine), sternum and ribs.
  14. 14What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?Bones of the limbs (arm, wrist, hand, leg, foot), Pectoral (shoulder), girdle and pelvic (hips) girdle.
  15. 15Bone StructureCartilage (spongy bone): tough, end of bones and between joints, protects bones by absorbing the impact experienced in movements such as jumping
    Bone marrow: manufactures red blood cells    Bone Structure
  16. 16What are the types of bones?Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones and sesamoid bones.
  17. 17Long BoneAre long and narrow and have a hollow shaft containing bone marrow. eg. Femur, tibia, radias and humerus.
    Function: Movement    Long Bone
  18. 18Short BonesAre rough cubical and have the same width and length. eg. carpals of wrist, tarsals of the foot.
    Function: Absorbs Shock    Short Bones
  19. 19Flat BoneProvides flat areas for attachment of muscles and enclose cavities for protection of organs. eg. scapula, ribs, sternum and skull.
    Function: Protects Vital Organs    Flat Bone
  20. 20Irregular BonesHave no regular characteristics, various shapes. eg. Vertebrae, pelvis and face bones
    Function: Protects joints and organs    Irregular Bones
  21. 21Sesamoid BonesAre small bones developed in tendons around some joints. eg. Patella
    Function: Provides a pully system    Sesamoid Bones
  22. 22Vertebral ColumnThe cord is protected because each vertebra has a hollow centre through which the spinal cord travels.Vertebral Column
  23. 23More about the vertebral columnThe size of the vertebrae increase from top to bottom. This helps them to support the weight of the upper body. Movement in the vertebral column as a whole unit is very good, allowing bending, twisting and rotation.
  24. 24What are joints?Joints are where two or more bones articulate (meet).
  25. 25Classification of JointsJoints are classified according to how much movement they allow.
  26. 26FibrousFixed or immovable joints such as the cranium, sacrum and the coccyx.
  27. 27CartilaginousThese are slightly movable joints such as the vertebrae. Has no fluid.
  28. 28SynovialThese are freely movable Joints such as the shoulder and hip. Has fluid
  29. 29LigamentsJoin bone to bone
  30. 30TendonJoins muscle to bone
  31. 31Connective TissueCartilage, Ligaments and Tendons
  32. 32CartilageTough, fibrous connective tissues at the end of bones and between joints, protects bones by absorbing the impact. eg. jumping
  33. 33LigamentsStrong fibrous band of connective tissue that holds together two or more moveable bones or cartilage or supports an organ.
  34. 34TendonsA fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones
  35. 35What are the 6 types of Synovial Joints?Ball & Socket -Hip and Shoulder
    Hinge- Knee, elbow and ankle
    Pivot- Radias-ulna, atlas/axis
    Saddle- Thumb
    Condyloid/Ovoid-Wrist
    Gliding- between carpals and tarsals
  36. 36Ball and Socket JointsThe epiphysis of one bone fits into a socket of another and are held in place by ligaments. Allows side-to-side, back and forth and rotational movement. Greatest range of movement of all synovial joints
  37. 37Hinge JointsA joint in which a convex part of one bone fits into a concave part of another, allowing motion in only one plane.
  38. 38The Pivot JointRing shape structure of one bone fits around a pivot like structure of another.
  39. 39The Saddle JointSaddle like structure of a bone fits into another saddle like structure of a different bone.
  40. 40The Gliding JointFlat surfaces of bones only allow slight gliding movement. eg carpals and tarsals
  41. 41Condyloid/Ovoid JointMovement through two planes.
  42. 42Features of a Synovial Joint: Hyaline/articular cartilageStructure: Smooth and spongy, covers ends of bones.
    Function: Prevents friction between articulation bones.
  43. 43Features of a Synovial Joint: Two layered Joint CapsuleStructure: Outer layer-tough and fibrous. Inner- synovial membrane covers all internal surfaces.
    Function: To strengthen joint and to secrete synovial fluid.
  44. 44Features of a Synovial Joint: Synovial FluidStructure: Slippery fluid like egg white which fills joint capsule.
    Function: Reduces friction, nourishes cartilage and gets rid of waste from the joint.
  45. 45Features of a Synovial Joint: LigamentStructure: A band of strong fibrous connective material.
    Function: Joins bone to bone and provides stability.
  46. 46Features of a Synovial Joint: Pads of FatStructure: Fatty pad found between capsule, bone or muscle.
    Function: Increases joint stability, acts as a shock absorber and reduces friction.
  47. 47Features of a Synovial Joint: MeniscusStructure: A wedge of tough flexible cartilage.
    Function: Improves fit between bone ends, increases stability and reduces wear and tear to joint surfaces.
  48. 48Features of a Synovial Joint: BursaeStructure: Fluid filled sac found between tendon and bone.
    Function: Reduces friction
  49. 49Movement around a JointAll synovial joints can move freely but the amount and type of movements which occur at each joint varies. Many movements occur in pairs-they are the opposite of each other.
  50. 50Technical Terms: FlexionA decrease in the angle that occurs in a joint.
    Example: Hinge Joint
  51. 51Technical Terms: ExtensionAn increase in the angle which occurs at the joint.
    Example: Hinge Joint
  52. 52Technical Terms: aBductionMovement away from the mid line of the body.
    Example: Ball and Socket
  53. 53Technical Terms: aDductionMovement towards the midline of the body.
    Example: Ball and Socket
  54. 54Technical Terms: RotationMovement of a bone around the axis (can be inward (medial) or outward (lateral))
    Example: Ball and Socket
  55. 55Technical Terms: CircumductionLower end of bone moves around in a circle.
    Example: Ball and Socket
  56. 56Technical Terms: Plantar FlexionPointing the foot downwards.
  57. 57Technical Terms: DorsiflexionBending the foot upwards towards tibia.
  58. 58Technical Terms: PronationFacing the palm of the hand down.
  59. 59Technical Terms: SupinationFacing the palm of the hand up
  60. 60Possible movements of the ShoulderFlexion & Extension, Adduction & Abduction, circumduction and rotation
  61. 61Possible movements of the Elbow.Flexion & Extension
  62. 62Possible movements of the Radio-UlnaPronation & Supination
  63. 63Possible movements of the WristFlexion & Extension, adduction & abduction, circumduction
  64. 64Possible movements of the SpineFlexion & Extension, lateral extension, rotation
  65. 65Possible movements of the HipFlexion & Extension, adduction & abduction, circumduction.
  66. 66Possible movements of the KneeFlexion & Extension
  67. 67Possible movements of the AnkleDorsiflexion & plantaflexion

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10 PE Flashcards on The Skeletal System , created by stephabraham on 20/04/2015.
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