Analysing Narrators

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As/A2 English (Books) Flashcards on Analysing Narrators, created by Cara Dudgeon on 30/04/2015.
Cara Dudgeon
Flashcards by Cara Dudgeon, updated more than 1 year ago
Cara Dudgeon
Created by Cara Dudgeon almost 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question Answer
STORY Events and the participants experiencing them (including themes, motifs, setting and characters).
DISCOURSE The way in which the story is told to the reader.
EXTRADIEGETIC The narration is not told by a character (SNSM).
INTRADIEGETIC The narrator is a character in a story (WH).
EX and HT Narrator hovers above the story, has not experienced what he/she is relating to the reader (like a God, talking about characters in the third person).
EX and HM The narrator has no other narrator above him/her but relates events experienced by him/herself (talking in the 'I' form).
IN and HT An embedded narrator relates events which he/she has not experienced (e.g. a character telling a fairytale in a story).
IN and HM An embedded narrator relates events in which he/she has taken part.
FOCALIZATION Who perceives the events in the story.
INTERNAL FOC. Belongs to the fictional world (WH and Ned).
EXTERNAL FOC. Remains outside the fictional world (like a camera registering the action for the reader) (SNSM and Truman).
STABILITY There can be a range of focalizers.
FIXED FOC. If the events are perceived by one single agent (SNSM).
MULTIPLE FOC. If the events are perceived by various characters (WH).
INDIRECT STYLE Using a character's thoughts as part of the narration (SNSM).
CHARACTERIZATION This relates to how the narrator builds and shows the characters to the reader.
DIRECT CHARAC. The narrator explicitly discusses the personality/appearance of a character (Arthur's best clothes/Heathcliff a gypsy).
INDIRECT CHARAC. The narrator portrays a character through their habits, actions, speech and thought (Hindley and the arm/Judge Arthur this way).
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