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Description
Flashcards by ashiana121, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by ashiana121
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| In an experiment, the researcher identifies and controls all possible _________ | Variables |
| By manipulating the variables and observing what happens, what can the researcher discover? | Cause and effect relationships |
| What are the two main type of experiment? | Laboratory experiments and field experiments |
| Which situations do 'field experiments' take place in? | Real life/natural enviroments |
| What is it more difficult for the researcher to do in field experiments? | Control all the variables |
| A lab experiment gives the researcher more control over variables but the results are more ________ | Artificial |
| What positivist requirement do experiments meet? | Data should be quantitative and scientifically collected |
| Why do positivists find lab experiments particularly reliable? | They can be exactly repeated |
| What does using standardised methods and quantitative data allow positivists to make about society? | Generalisations |
| What do interpretivists argue experiments lack? | Validity |
| What are the 5 main disadvantages of laboratory experiments? | Artificiality - identifying and controlling variables - ethical issues - Hawthorne Effect - limited application |
| Why is it doubtful that the results of lab experiments can be applied to the real social world? | A lab is a highly artificial environment - how people react in an artificial environment is different to how they react in real life |
| What is meant by validity? | The extent to which the results are true to social reality |
| Under what conditions are laboratory experiments effective? | If all the variables that can influence the outcome are controlled |
| Why is it hard to identify and control all variables? | Due to the complexity of social interactions |
| Why may a researcher not want/be able to gain informed consent? | If the experiment was blind as not to influence the results |
| What is another ethical issue surrounding lab experiments? | The emotional and psychological effects some experiments can have on the individuals involved |
| What is the Hawthorne effect? | The knowledge of knowing you are part of an experiment affecting the results |
| What affect does the Hawthorne effect have on validity and why? | Lowers it - because the test subjects are not acting like they would in a real social situation |
| Why do lab experiments have limited application? | The lab is small so only small-scale social interactions can be studied |
| What does this mean is excluded? | Large scale social change, past events, events of long duration |
| In a field experiment, individuals are usually ________ that an experiment is taking place | Unaware |
| What do field experiments try to avoid? | The artificiality of the lab experiment while obtaining some element of control |
| What are the two main advantages of field experiments? | Less artificiality - due to 'real world' environment Validity - due to people being unaware they are being studied and therefore will act normally |
| What are the three main disadvantages with field experiments? | Less control over variables, limited application, ethical problems |
| Why is it harder to control all the variables in a field experiment? | It is based in the test subjects natural environment so some variables are unpredictable and difficult to identify |
| Give 2 examples of what it is possible to study using field experiments | The apparent influence of social class, discriminatory actions |
| Field experiments only tend to measure what people do and not ___ ____ __ __ | Why they do it |
| Why cant informed consent be obtained in a field experiment? | It would 'give the game away', could cause Hawthorne effect and therefore reduce validity |
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