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Flashcards

Heart

Jessica Scivier English 89 cards

Cards in this deck (89)

  1. 1What is the first chamber that bloods collects in ?The atria
  2. 2does each side of the heart contract independently ?No. The two atria contract together and then the two ventricles contract together
  3. 3What happens during diastole ?The heart is relaxed and the atria are filling with blood.
  4. 4What type of blood is each atria filled withThe right atrium is filled with deoxygenated blood from the systemic tissue
    The left atrium is filled with oxygenated blood from the lungs.
  5. 5What blood vessels provide the right atrium with bloodThe inferior and superior vena cava and the coronary sinus
  6. 6What blood vessels provide the left atrium with bloodThe pulmonary vein
  7. 7How do the ventricles begin to fill with blood in Diastole and what process is it ?They begin to fill with blood because the pressure in the atria forces the atrio-ventricular valves open. The ventricles fill with blood passively.
  8. 8What are atrio-ventricular valves ?Valve connecting the atria and ventricles
  9. 9What happens in atrial systole ?It is when the atria walls contract to actively push blood into the ventricles
  10. 10What triggers the contraction of the atriaThe contraction of the sinoatrial node
  11. 11What atrio-ventricular valve is present on the right side of the heartThe tricuspid valve
  12. 12What atrio-ventricular valve is present on the left side of the heartMitral valve
  13. 13What happens during ventricular systoleIs when the ventricular wall contract and actively push blood out the heart. The heart is completely emptied of blood.
  14. 14What causes ventricular contractionthe purkinje fibres
  15. 15What happens to the valves during ventricular systole ?The atrio-ventricular valves are forced shut. The great pressure in the ventricles forces the semi lunar valves open so that blood can be pumped out the heart.
  16. 16By what blood vessel does blood leave the right ventriclePulmonary artery
  17. 17By what blood vessel does blood leave the left ventricleAorta
  18. 18How many cusps does each valve haveThe semi-lunar valves have three cusps
    The mitral valve has 2 cusps
    The tricuspid valve has 3 cusps
  19. 19What is the role of valves in the heartPrevent back flow into the heart
    Control the direction of the blood flow
    To maintain blood pressure
  20. 20Why is aortic pressure much lower than ventricularAtrial blood does not have to travel far
  21. 21What happens to pressure in the chambers as volume increases ?As volume increase so does pressure.
  22. 22What pressure and volume changes occur when the heart empties ?As the heart contracts to force blood out the heart pressure increases. As soon as pressure in the chambers exceeds the pressure in the arteries the valves open and volume of blood begins to decrease. As volume rapidly decreases so does pressure.
  23. 23What is special about the contraction in the heartThe contraction of the cardiac muscle is initiated by the myocyte cell itself, instead of an outside stimulus. The heart contracts independently.
  24. 24What is the first step in initiating contraction in the heartThe sino-atrial node in the right atrial wall generates impulses
  25. 25What is the sino-atrial node ?Is a group of specialised cardiac cells
  26. 26What does sinp-atrial contraction causeAtrial systole
  27. 27What occurs after the sino-atrial node contracts ?The impulse passes through the atrial-ventricular node. Which act as a delay so the atria can empty completely.
  28. 28Why does the impulse have to pass through a node and cannot pass through the atrio-ventricular wallThe impulse can not pass from atria to ventricle because of fibrous tissue
  29. 29What happens after the atrio-ventricular node delays the impulseThe impulse is passed down the bundle of his to the apex of the heart. Here the fibres spread to form purkinje fibres and the impulse passes through causing ventricular systole.
  30. 30What is the bundle of hisThey are heart muscle fibres which span the interventricular septum of the heart to the apex
  31. 31What happens after the impulses have passedThe Cardiac muscle relaxes and diastole starts again
  32. 32What is a electrocardiogramIs a technique used to monitor the electrical activity of the heart
  33. 33What does the P wave representThe impulse passing from the sino-atrial node to the atrio-ventricular node and the initiation of atrial systole
  34. 34What does the QRS wave representThe impulse passing down the bundle of his and purkinje fibres and the initiation of ventricular systole
  35. 35What does the T wave representVentricular recovery
  36. 36What is the right atriumIs one of the four chambers in the heart. It is the first chamber where blood enters the heart
  37. 37What is the function of the right atriumTo receive deoxygenated blood.
  38. 38What parts of the atrial structure makes it suited to its functionsThin muscular walls. Right atrium contains the sino-atrial node which begins muscle contraction.
  39. 39From what tissue/organ is the coronary sinus returning deoxygenated blood fromThe coronary sinus returns deoxygenated blood from the heart itself. The coronary sinus connects the exterior and interior of the heart.
  40. 40What is the role of the sino-atrial nodeIs excites the cardiac cells to contract and controls rhythm of the heart
  41. 41What percentage of blood is pumped into the right ventricle passively and actively70% of the blood flows into the ventricle passively during systole and 30% is actively pumped to fill the ventricle
  42. 42Structure of the tricuspid valveHas three cusps and three papillary muscles. The cusps are connected to the papillary muscles by chordae tendinae
  43. 43What is the function of the tricuspid valveGuards the opening between the right atrium and ventricle.
  44. 44How does the tricuspid valve openThe cusps fold out into the atrium when atrial pressure is great.
  45. 45What is the right auricleSmall, cone shaped pouch lined with muscles that is attached to the right atrium
  46. 46What does the right auricle doCollects blood from the bloodstream and pumps it into the ventricle during atrial systole
  47. 47What is the right ventricleThe lower right hand chamber
  48. 48What is the function of the right ventricleTo push deoxygenated blood out of the heart into the pulmonary trunk.
  49. 49What valve controls the flow of blood between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunkSemilunar pulmonary valve.
  50. 50What are the Chordae tendinaeStrong fibrous strings that attach the cusps of valves to the papillary muscles. The originate from the papillary muscles
  51. 51What is the function of the chordae tendinaeWhen the cusps close the chordae tendinae prevent them from swinging open into the atrial cavity.
  52. 52What are the papillary musclesMuscles where the chordae tendinae spring from. They are small mounds of muscle tissue that project inwards from the walls of the ventricle
  53. 53what is the function of the papillary musclesTo prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves during ventricular systole
  54. 54What are the purkinje fibresMyocardial fibres found in the hearts inner ventricular walls
  55. 55What is the function of the purkinje fibresConduct electrical impulses that permit the heart to contract in a coordinated fashion
  56. 56What is the interventricular septumThick muscle that completes the left ventricle. It slants backwards and towards the right.
  57. 57Function of the interventricular septumTo separate the right and left ventricle
  58. 58What is the left atriumI one of the four chambers. It is a receiving chamber
  59. 59Function of the left atriumReceives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins and actively pumps blood into the left ventricle
  60. 60What is the left auricleSmall, muscular pouch at the upper corner of the left atrium
  61. 61Function of the left auricleCollect oxygenated blood as it leaves the lungs and passes it to the left ventricle
  62. 62What is the function of the pulmonary veinsCarry oxygen rich blood away from the lungs and back to the left atrium/
  63. 63where does the inferior and superior pulmonary vein collect blood fromThe inferior pulmonary vein L/R collects blood from the lowest section of the lung
    The superior pulmonary vein L/R collects blood from the upper lobes of the lungs
  64. 64What is the left ventricleThe lower left chamber. It has thick cardiac muscle walls
  65. 65function of the left ventricleTo force oxygenated blood out of the heart into the aorta.
  66. 66Why does the left ventricle have the thickest cardiac wallIt has to create enough blood pressure to ensure the blood can reach all of the body against the greater flow resistance
  67. 67What is the mitral valveConnects the the left atrium and ventricle. It is a bicuspid valve attached to papillary muscles by chordae tendinae
  68. 68function of the mitral valveControls the direction of blood flow between the left atrium and ventricle
  69. 69What is the pulmonary trunk and what is its functionBlood vessel that connects the right ventricle with the pulmonary arteries. It divides into the left and right pulmonary arteries.
  70. 70Where does the left pulmonary artery provide blood tooRuns down the root of the left lung. It branches off into separate arteries. It provides the lefts lungs two lobes
  71. 71What is the function of the left pulmonary arteryIt provides the two lobes of the left lung with deoxygenated blood
  72. 72Where does the right pulmonary lung provide blood tooRuns down the root of the right lung and branches into separate arteries. Right lung has three lobes
  73. 73Function of the right pulmonary arteryTo provide the 3 lobes in the right lung with deoxygenated blood
  74. 74Describe how the arch of aorta connects the ascending and descending aortaCurves around the heart between the ascending and descending. As the aorta extends from the heart it is the ascending aorta. It turns 180 degrees towards the bodies left side. It is now the arch of aorta. The artery passes posterior to the heart and descends down the body. It is now the descending aorta.
  75. 75Function of the arch of aortato provide oxygenated blood to the systemic tissue from the left ventricle
  76. 76Structure and function of the aortic valveSemilunar valve with 3 cusps. Controls the flow of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta.
  77. 77Where does the brachiocephalic trunk provide blood toCarries blood to the right arm and right side of head and neck. 1st artery in the arch
  78. 78Where does the left common carotid artery provide blood toleft side of the head an neck. 2nd artery in aortic arch
  79. 79Where does the left subclavian artery provide blood toLeft arm. 3rd artery in aortic arch
  80. 80Three arteries in the aortic archBrachiocephalic trunk
    Left common carotid artery
    Left subclavian artery
  81. 81Where does the inferior and superior vena cava collect blood fromSuperior collects deoxygenated blood from the systemic tissue above the heart muscle. The inferior collects deoxygenated blood from the systemic tissue inferior to the heart
  82. 82function of inferior and superior vena cavaTo provide the right atrium with deoxygenated blood.
  83. 83what three types of capillaries are thereContinuous, Fenestrated and sinusiod
  84. 84Describe the structure of continuous capillariesUninterrupted endothelium layer Do not have any breaks and only allow small molecules like water and ions through
  85. 85Describe the structure of fenestrated capillariesHave small pores in the endothelium cells that allows small molecules and proteins through
  86. 86describe the structure of sinusoid capillaryLArge open pores in the endothelium allow erythrocytes, leucocytes and serum proteins through
  87. 87What four layers do veins and arteries haveCollagen fibres
    Smooth muscle
    Elastic fibres
    Endothelium
  88. 88What is the difference between the structure of an artery and vein.Artery has a small lumen to maintain high blood pressure. Veins have a wide lumen as blood is under low pressure.
    Arteries have thick smooth muscle and elastic tissue which allows elastic recoil to maintain blood pressure. Veins have a thin smooth muscle and elastic tissue layer.
  89. 89What is the diameter of capillaries7- 10 micrometers -diameter of a RBC

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Flashcards on Heart , created by Jessica Scivier on 25/05/2015.
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Jessica Scivier
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