Flashcards
Liberalism Key Terms
Cards in this deck (15)
- 1Social ContractA hypothetical agreement amongst individuals through which they from a state in order to escape from the disorder and chaos of a state of nature.
- 2Classical/Economic LiberalismA form of liberalism that emphasises that the state's role should be limited to ensure internal and external security and to ensure that private property rights are enforced.
- 3Modern/Socialist LiberalismA form of liberalism which has embraced a commitment to social welfare designed to promote equal opportunities and to help individuals help themselves.
- 4Negative FreedomThe absence of externl restrictions or constraints on the individual
- 5Positive FreedomA theory which holds that liberty requires the ability to live under certain conditions
- 6RationalityThe belief that humans are esentially logical, thinking creatures able to understand and explain the world, and to find solutions to problems.
- 7AtomisticA belief that society is largely made up of a collection of self-interested and laregly self-sufficent individuals rather than social groups
- 8IndividualismA belief in the central importance of the human individual as opposed to social groups or collective bodies
- 9Free MarketThe principle or policy that unrestricted self-regulating economic competition, with an absence of governement interference, will naturally deliver efficency and general prosperity to all.
- 10KeynesianismA theory of policy or economic management associated with regulating aggregate demand by encouraging governments to intervene in the econmy and achieve full employment
- 11Minimal StateA state that only maintains domestic order, enforces legal agreements and protects against external attack, leaving other matters in the hands of the individual.
- 12ConstitutionalismThe practice of limited government brought about by a set of political values and aspirations that refelct the desire to protect liberty through the establishment of internal and external checks on government power
- 13Liberal DemocracyA form of indirect representative democracy which combines the individualist goal of limited government and personal freedom with the colllectivist commitment to elections and popular participation
- 14Equality of OpportunityEquality defined in terms of life chances or the existence of a 'level playing field'
- 15MeritocraticLiterally, rule by those with merit; merit being intelligence plus effort; a society in which social position is determined exclusively by ability and hard work
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- A-Level Governement and Politics Flashcards on Liberalism Key Terms, created by melodyhelmstovel on 27/05/2015.
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