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Flashcards by gina_evans0312, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by gina_evans0312
over 10 years ago
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Copied by gina_evans0312
over 10 years ago
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Copied by gina_evans0312
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Where do Glucagon/Insulin dock in the cell? | G-Protein coupled receptors |
| What happens when the alpha subunit activates adenylate cyclase? | ATP is converted to 3,5-cAMP |
| Once produced, cAMP activates... | cAMP dependant protein kinase |
| cAMP dependant protein kinase | Activates phosphorylase b kinase when permitted by Ca2+ levels |
| Alpha-1,6-glucosidase | Hydrolise alpha-1,6-linkages to make glucose from glycogen |
| UDP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase | Glucose-1-phosphate + UDP --> UDP Glucose |
| Glycogen must be at least...links long to add another glucose | 4 |
| Gylcogenin | Primer protein at the middle of a glycogen molecule |
| Role of glycogenin | Provides chains of 4 glucose mols in order for more to be added |
| Glycogen synthase | Adds glucose to glycogen by forming alpha-1,4-linkages |
| Once inside the cell, glucose... | Is phosphorylated- Glucose-6-phosphate |
| Glucose-6-phosphate is converted to | Glucose-1-phosphate |
| Glucose-1-phosphate + UDP --> | UDP Glucose |
| UDP glucose is added | To glycogenin & glycogen by glycogen synthase |
| Glycosyl-4,6-transferase | Creation of alpha-1,6-linkages in glycogen |
| Within 4 residues of another branch... | ...Glycosyl-4,6-transferase will not work |
| Glycogen Phosphorylase | Conversion of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate |
| Why is glucose-1-phosphate converted to glucose-6-phosphate? | The positioning of the phosphate keeps it in the cell |
| High AMP = Low ATP = | Activation of relaxed form of glycogen phosphorylase b |
| High ATP/High Glucose-6-phosphate= | Inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase b to taut, less active form |
| Phosphorylated glycogen phosphatase is... | more active (and vice versa) |
| Glycogen synthase is phosphorylated... | To switch it off |
| Mobilisation | The breakdown of glycogen |
| Glucose-6-phosphatase (muscle only) | Glucose-6-phospate --> Glucose |
| Why can glycogen phosphorylase only break alpha-1-4 links 4 residues from a branch? | Steric hinderence |
| How are alpha-1,4-links broken? | Phosphorylysis, creating glucose-1-phosphate |
| How are alpha-1,6-linkages broken? | Hydrolysis |
| Allostery | Where a substrate effects the workings of the active site by binding away from it |
| Phosphorylase B Kinase | Phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase B, making it more active |
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