Flashcards
Chapter 11 - Waves 1 equations, definitions, derivations and experiments
Cards in this deck (45)
- 1Give the equation for wave speed involving frequency and wavelengthWave speed=frequency x wavelength
- 2Give an equation for frequency involving time periodFrequency = 1/ time period
- 3Give an equation for phase differencePhase difference =(distance / wavelength ) x 360
- 4Give the equation for intensityIntensity = radiant power / cross sectional area
- 5Give an equation for speed of light in a vacuum involving frequencySpeed of light in a vacuum = frequency x wavelength
- 6Give an equation for critical angle involving the refractive indexSin(Critical angle) = 1/ refractive index
- 7Give an equation for the refractive index using the speed of lightRefractive index = speed of light in a vacuum / speed of light in a meterial
- 8Give an equation relating the angle of incidence and the angle of refractionRefractive index 1 x Sin(Angle of incidence) = refractive index 2 x Sin(angle of refraction)
- 9What is the time period of a waveThe time taken to complete 1 oscillation, or for one wavelength to pass a given point
- 10What is the phase differenceThe difference in displacement of particles along a wave,or the difference between the displacements of particles on different waves, measured in degrees or radians
- 11How many radians is equal to 360 degrees2π
- 12What is intensity directly proportional toAmplitude ˆ2
- 13What is a P wavePrimary wave, longitudinal that travel through the earth from an earth quake
- 14Define S wavesTransverse waves, secondary, that travel through the earth from an earth quake
- 15Define longitudinal wavesA wave in which the medium is displaced in the same line as the direction of energy transfer,oscillate parallel to energy travel, eg ultrasound and P waves
- 16Define transverse wavesA wave in which the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction duo energy transfer, eg IR waves or visible light
- 17What is the equilibrium positionThe resting position of waves or particles in an oscilation
- 18What is amplitudeThe maximum, displacement from the equilibrium position in a wave
- 19Define restoring forceThe force that tries to return a system to its equilibrium
- 20Define peaks and troughsThe positive and negative maximum amplitude of a transverse wave
- 21Define the compression of a waveA moving region in which the medium is denser or has higher pressure than the surrounding medium
- 22Define rarefactionA moving region in which the medium is less dense, or has less pressure than the surrounding medium
- 23What is the wave equation?An equation which relates the frequency, wavelength & wavespeed v = f x wavelength
- 24What is a wave profileA graph showing the displacement of the particles in the wave against the distance along the wave
- 25What does it mean when waves are in phaseWhen particles in a wave are oscillating perfectly with each other, reaching max positive displacement simultaneously
- 26What does it mean when waves are anti phaseParticles oscillating completely out of step to one another, one reaches maximum positive displacement while the other reaches maximum negative displacement
- 27Define a wavefrontA line of points in phase with each other in a wave, perpendicular to the direction of energy trqansfer
- 28Define polarisationThe phenomenon in which oscillations of a transverse wave are limited to only 1 plane
- 29What is plane polarisationDescription of a transverse wave in which the oscillations are limited to only one plane
- 30Define unpolarisedDescription of a transverse wave in which the oscillations occur in multiple planes
- 31What is the electromagnetic spectrumThe full range of frequencies of electromagnetic waves from gamma to radio
- 32Define radio wavesLong wavelength in EM spectrum with wavelengths greater than 10^-1 m
- 33Define gamma raysShort wavelength EM waves, with wavelengths from 10^-10 to 10^-16 m
- 34Define x raysShort wavelength EM waves, with wavelengths ranging from 10^-8 to 10^-10M
- 35Define UV raysEM waves with wavelengths from 4x10^-7 to 10^-8 m
- 36Define visible lightEM waves visible to the human naked eye, with wavelengths from 4x10^-7 to 7x10^-7 m
- 37Define infra red wavesEM waves with wavelengths ranging from 10^-3 to 7x10^-7 m
- 38Define microwavesLong wavelength electromagnetic waves with wavelengths from 10^-1m to 10^-3 m
- 39Define the refractive indexThe refractive index of a material : n = c ÷ v
- 40Define total internal reflectionThe reflection of all light hitting a boundary between two media back into the original medium when the light is traveling through a medium with a higher refractive index, and the incident angle at the boundary is ≥ the critical angle
- 41What are the 2 conditions required for total internal reflection1- the light must be traveling through a medium with a higher refractive index as it strikes the boundary with a medium with a lower refractive index, eg whe glass goes to air
2- the angle of incidence must be ≥ the critical angle - 42Define critical angleThe angle of incidence at the boundary between two media that will produce and angle of refraction of 90˚ along the boundary
- 43How do you derive the equation for total internal reflection
- 44How can you use an oscilloscope to determine frequencyConnect a microphone to the oscilloscope & place in front of a loud speaker connected to a signal generator. From the time base of the oscilloscope we can determine the time period of the wave, then the frequency with f = 1 / T
- 45How do you find the Period of a wave with an oscilloscopeEach horizontal square on the oscilloscope screen represents a time base, using this count how many squares 1 wave is, the multiply this by the time base
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- physics A level (M4 chapter 11 Waves 1 ) Flashcards on Chapter 11 - Waves 1 equations, definitions, derivations and experiments, created by lizabeth rawson on 03/05/2021.
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