Flashcards
Animal systems part 3
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1Effect of physical activity on pulse rate testCount the number of pulses at rest, and then count again after 1 minute of light exercise, count again after 3 minutes of hard exercise.
- 2Why our pulse rate increases when doing physical activityPhysical activity increases pulse rate, supplying the muscles with more oxygen and glucose and removing carbon dioxide quicker.
- 3Main blood vessels to and from the heart, lungs, liver and kidneyPulmonary veins: Transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Aorta: Transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body and the brain
Vena cava: Transports deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body to the heart
Pulmonary artery: Transports deoxygenated blood from the body the heart to the lungs - 4Structure and functions of arteriesThick muscular and elastic walls to withstand high blood pressure.
- 5Structure and functions of veinsMuch less muscle and elastic tissue and have thin walls. Blood pressure in veins is low
- 6Structure and functions of capillariesWalls that are one cell thick so that substances can pass easily in and out of the blood in body tissues.
- 7How structure and function are related in the arteries, veins and capillariesBlood flows through the arteries, veins and capillaries. The thickness of the walls is different though.
- 8Identify red blood cells and white blood cellsRed blood cells: Red, disc shape, no nucleus
White blood cell: Bigger than red blood cells, has a nucleus, exists fewer - 9Components that exist in the bloodRed blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma
- 10Functions of bloodRed blood cells: Transports haemoglobin and oxygen
White blood cells: Forms phagocytosis and antibody
Platelets: Causing clotting
Plasma: Transport of blood cells, ions, soluble nutrients, hormones, carbon dioxide - 11Gas exchange surfaceMoist, thin, have a large surface area and a good blood supply.
- 12Inspired air: External intercostal muscles contract, this lifts the ribcage up. Diaphragm contracts and flattens, volume of the thoracic cavity increases, pressure decreases, air flows into the lungs from the region of higher pressure outside
- 13Expired airIntercostal muscles relax and the ribcage falls, diaphragm relaxes back to the original dome shape, volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, pressure increases, and air is forced out of the lungs.
- 14Cilia and mucus - Role in protecting the gas exchange system from pathogens and particlesBronchi: Lined with cilia cells
Cilia: Lines the lungs with hair-like protrusions, sweeps any unwanted microbes or particles out of our lungs and airways
Goblet cells: Produces mucus
Mucus: Traps unwanted particles and protects cilia cells - 15Effects of tobacco smoke and it's major components (Tar)Causes more mucus to be produced by the goblet cells, paralyzes our cilia cells making them not function properly (this means that the excess mucus builds up in their airways), clogs the alveoli in our lungs, increases the risk of cancer (carcinogen), deposited tar in lungs (raises the risk of lung cancer)
- 16Effects of tobacco smoke and it's major components (Nicotine)Raises our heart’s beat per minute, increases blood pressure by narrowing our blood vessels
- 17Effects of tobacco smoke and it's major components (Carbon monoxide)Binds with haemoglobin in our red blood cells which reduces its ability to carry oxygen around our body (This puts more strain on our body’s respiratory system
- 18Effects of tobacco smoke and it's major components (Smoke particles)Coat walls of the alveoli which prevents gas exchange from taking place
- 19Test for carbon dioxide using lime waterHave 2 tubes with lime water with straws in them
Exhale into a tightly closed tube, this tube should turn cloudy
Inhale into a tightly closed tube, that has a vacuum in it, the lime water should have no affect - 20Investigate and describe the effects of physical activity on rate and breathingExercise and other intense physical activity will increase our rate of breathing, in addition to shortening the depth of our breath
- 21Explain the effects of physical activity on rate and depth of breathinga) Tidal volume: amount of air during normal relaxed breathing (0.5L)
b) Vital capacity: maximum amount of air breathed in or out in one breath (5L)
c) Air left in lungs is called residual volume
d) The total lung volume is greater than vital capacity (some air always remains in the lungs). If not, alveoli walls would stick together, the lung would collapse
e) When cells become more active, such as our muscles when we exercise, they need more oxygen in order to perform aerobic respiration to break down glucose and release energy. As a result, we breathe faster in order to deliver more oxygen to cells around our body.