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| Question | Answer |
| Functions of the kidney? | Filters blood, excretion: urea, creatinine and uric acid, reabsorption: glucose and amino acids, regulation: water, electrolytes, acid-base balance |
| What important hormones does the kidney produce? | 1,25-dihydroxycholeciferol: Acts on guts to promote calcium absorbtion. Erythropoietin: Acts on bone marrow to promote haemoglobin synthesis |
| Explain struction of kidney | Contains millions of nephrons that filter blood and produce urine. Nephrons contain the glomerulus, proxial tubule, loop of henle, distal tubule, collecting duct. |
| Explain the glomerulus | Blood flows in and out. Contains a knot of capillaries called the Bowman's Capsile. Blood is filterd through the glomerular basement membrane. Filtration is dependent on blood presure, molecule size and change. Buffers urine hydrogen. |
| Explain the Proximal Tubule | Essential compounds filterd through the glomerulus are mostly reabsorbed. Most is active. Water is passive. Sodium uses pumps. Glucose is fully reabsorbed. |
| Explain Loop of Henle | Has a desending limb and asending limb in the medulla. Site of sodium and chloride reabsorbion by osmotic mechanisems called countercurrent multiplication and exchange. |
| Explain Distal Tubule and collecting duct | Sodium, potassium and hydrogen regulation. Antidiuret hormone enables reabsorbtion of water. Parathyroid hormone enables reabsorbion of calcium. |
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