Flashcards
Soil forming processes
Cards in this deck (18)
- 1Argilluviation (lessivage)The movement of clay to form an argillic (clay rich) horizon beneath a clay depleted/eluviated horizon.
- 2Biological enrichment of base cationsThe process by which grasses and temperate deciduous forests take up and return base cations via litterfall, stemflow, root exudation and root turnover.
- 3AndisolizationThe process by which the fine earth fraction of soil is dominated by amorphous compounds.
- 4Andic properties includehigh amounts of acid oxalate extractable Al and Fe, low bulk density, and high phosphate retention.
- 5bulk densitydry weight of soil/volume
- 6Paludizationdeep accumulation of organic (histic) material, typically in marshy areas
- 7Gleizationthe presence of aquic conditions, producing reductimorphic or redoximorphic features such as mottles or gleying. Typically involved the reduction and/or oxidation of iron and manganese.
- 8HumificationThe process of humus formation. Decomposition of labile, plant derived carbon, leaving only more stabile, recalcitrant substances.
- 9MelanizationThe process by which humified organic matter accumulates in the upper mineral soil.
- 10FerrallitizationThe process by which Al and Fe are concentrated and Si is lost as primary minerals weather into secondary ones.
- 11PodzolizationA complex process including the eluviation of base cations, transformation of Fe and Al compounds to more mobile forms in surface horizons, and their transport to spodic horizons.
- 12Soil base cations areCa2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+
- 13Cryoturbation (frost stirring)irregular and broken horizons and textural bands, silt accumulations, and deformed soil material associated with ice and sand shifts.
- 14SalinizationThe processes that allow for the accumulation of soluble salts of Na, Ca, Mg, K+.
- 15CalcificationThe accumulation of secondary carbonates and gypsum in arid soils, or their redistribution in humid regions.
- 16Solonization (alkalization)The process in which a salinized soil is drained. Excess soluble salts leach, and salt colloids are dispersed. Alkalinity develops.
- 17SilificationThe process by which a seasonally high water table causes the secondary accumulation of Si, often forming a cement like layer known as a duripan.
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- Flashcards on Soil forming processes, created by suz an on 04/06/2021.
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- suz an · Jun 2021
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- Jul 28, 2021
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