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online services flashcards

Isla Simpson IT BTEC English 160 cards

online services flashcards

Cards in this deck (160)

  1. 1Communicationallow people to keep in touch (text, photos, videos, audios)
    - email, instant messaging, social networks, blogging, micro-blogging, online conference
    Pros: easy for extended families and friends to keep in touch
    Cons: cyber-bullying and trolls
  2. 2Real Time Servicesservices that provide up to date information
    They are constantly updated for people who need to get the latest information.
    - Timetables, traffic reports, flight updates, weather and news services
    Pros: can save people time and trouble, such as when catching trains and planes.
    Cons: Downtime damages public image, such as for train and airport companies.
  3. 3CommerceCommerce means business so these involve money in some way (online shopping and banking)
    - online shopping (eg. Tesco), auctions (eg. eBay),banking (eg. NatWest) , publishing (eg. Kindle E-books on Amazon)
    Pros: convenience of home delivery for online shopping.
    Cons: security eg credit card fraud.
  4. 4GovernmentThese involve 'official' public services ( eg. local councils and national government collecting taxes)
    - paying personal taxes online, paying car tax, paying student loans
    Pros: cuts cost of government because it reduces the need for people to process paper work.
    Cons: not everyone has online access.
  5. 5Entertainmentmeans services for leisure and fun.
    - Catch up TV services, radio players and music streaming sites
    Pros: services can be accessed on the move
    Cons: Need broadband for media services
  6. 6Downloadmeans legal download services, such as for games, medias and music.
    - iTunes for music, or stream for games.
    Pros: legal so not piracy, No need for 'old' methods such as waiting for DVD's in the post.
    Cons: need fast internet to download large files.
  7. 7Businessmeans companies using websites to increase efficiency and save money.
    - Using Skype or using special 'internal' websites called intranets.
    Pros: cuts travel costs for staff and intranet is a secure way to share files and information.
    Cons: staff need training.
  8. 8Educationinvolves workplace training for businesses as well as learning for schools.
    - online training for construction trades, or online learning eg. Bitesize.
    Pros: users can work online at their own pace.
    Cons: must have Net access.
  9. 9VLEsservices that provide virtual classroom for students and teacher.
    - Moodle is a virtual learning environment or VLE.
    Pros: upload work for feedback and share via forums.
    Cons: set-up/ training costs
  10. 10Pay Per Click- a host website (eg Facebook) displays an ad for another company (eg Adiddas.com)
    - if a visitor click the ad, they are sent to the advertiser's site (eg Addiddas.com)
    - The host website earns money for each visitor who clicks on the advert.
    - This process is called pay per click.
    - Also called the affiliate model ( since the companies act as partners, or affiliates)
  11. 11Type of advertising: Sponsored Linkscompanies want to be listed first by search engines - so they pay to get their links at the top.
  12. 12Type of advertising: Bannersbanners go at the top of pages so you can't miss them. other ads can be all over a page.
  13. 13Type of advertising: Pop-upsthese appear in new windows so you cant miss them.
  14. 14Type of advertising: EmailMarketing emails go direct to customers' inbox (no illegal SPAM)
  15. 15Why companies choose to advertise: Multimediaonline ads use video and audio plus animation to get your attention.
  16. 16Why companies choose to advertise: Targeting and cookiesPeople's online behavior is tracked using small text files called cookies. sites access cookies to display ads based on your interests shown by searches and page views.
  17. 17Why companies choose to advertise: Linksonline ads try hard to get you to click links direct to the advertiser's site.
  18. 18How can ads be annoying:Personal privacy: not everyone is happy with the use of cookies and history
    Adware: type of malware that generates unwanted ads, often as pop-ups.
    Auto-play video: some ads play videos as soon as the page loads.
    Distraction: ads can take your attention from what you're trying to do.
  19. 19Why use compression- squeezing data to reduce file sizes for storage and sending
    - compression is done using an algorithm
    - files are zipped
    -afterwards, they are unzipped or extracted
  20. 20People use compression because:1) file sizes can be reduced so it saves memory space
    2) smaller file sizes means faster downloads
    3) if you need to send lots of files via email, you can send in just one compressed folder so it saves time and effort.
  21. 21Example of using 'Zip' compression- some email services limit the number or file size of attachments
    - one solution is to zip lots of files in one folder to send
    - the receiver can then unzip or extract or expand the folder to access all the files.
  22. 22Role of Indexcreates a store of all the repeated words and its used to later reassemble the contents to the best quality.
  23. 23How compression algorithms work- each compression tool uses an algorithm
    - That means a method to reduce the data
    - one method for reducing the size of text files is to cut all repeating words.
    - An index is then created to store the position of all the cut words.
    - so later, the index can be used to put the original text back together
  24. 24Standalone Softwarestandalone software in installed on your computer, from a CD or downloaded.
    Key advantage: it's on your hard-drive so it runs fast and doesn't need internet.
  25. 25Online Softwareonline software is accessed over the internet via your web browser.
    Key advantage: you can access the software on all devices, eg. PC, mac and tablet
  26. 26Advantage to online software:Backup and restore, automatic updates, pay monthly, save on hardware
  27. 27disadvantage to online software:if there is no internet, you cant use it and you have chances of getting hacked.
  28. 28Advantages of collaborative working- staff can collaborate online even if they're in different places or countries.
    - this means they dnt have to travel so they save money and help the environment.
    - you only need one version of the document where everyone can edit.
  29. 29Importance of version control and how it can be usedwhen lots of people can edit a document, its vital to show which its latest version is. eg, file names can use numbers or dates.
    Version control software keeps track of every modification to the code in a special kind of database. If a mistake is made, developers can turn back the clock and compare earlier versions of the code to help fix the mistake while minimizing disruption to all team members.
  30. 30Levels of accessRestrictions are set at logon
    - staff can access areas depending on their role.
    - students and teachers see different parts of network
  31. 31File permissionsetting that control what users can do to the file:
    - Read: view only
    - Read/write: view and edit
    - Full control: Also delete
  32. 32Online communities- a group that only exists online
    - an example is social networking sights that connect people with similar interests.
    - Another example is a virtual world, such as a second life that exists online.
    - some need members to be online at the same time eg, online gaming
    - others can interact at different times eg, learning community on a VLE
  33. 33Blog + vlogA web log or online journal or video blog that's meant to be update often.
  34. 34MicroblogA website or app where short messages are exchanged (twitter)
  35. 35Wikissites where authorized users can can log on to add or edit content.
  36. 36Podcastsaudio or video files that are usually published in instalments.
  37. 37Instant messagingform of 'chat' where people are online at the same time and post messages in 'real time'.
  38. 38Chatrooma place on the web where many users online at the same time that can communicate 'live'.
  39. 39Virtual worldVirtual Worlds. A virtual world is a computer-simulated representation of a world with specific spatial and physical characteristics, and users of virtual worlds interact with each other via representations of themselves called “avatars.” Modern virtual worlds differ from traditional video games in their objective.
  40. 40Description of NetiquetteNetiquette is a combination of the words network and etiquette and is defined as a set of rules for acceptable online behavior.
  41. 41Profile and avatara users online presence, such as on social media . people decide what to show and what is true. An avatar is an image to represent you.
  42. 42What is VoIPVoIP is a method of real-time communication over the internet eg, skype In business, a VoIP would be used for online meetings called video conferencing.
  43. 43Advantages- uses internet online so there are no additional costs
    - Able to connect anywhere- but only if you have internet connection.
    - Reduces travel costs, such as staff having a video conference in different countries and not flying.
    - better for collaboration as you can chare and see documents on screen.
  44. 44Disadvantages- relies on internet connection so it can be slow and buffer.
    - data exchanged online is at risk of security threats such as hackers.
    - voice quality can be affected since the audio is being converted and then transmitted over the internet.
  45. 45Equipment requiredFor the video you need a webcam and for the audio you need a mic, speakers and a headset.
  46. 46Ubiquitous computingubiquitous computing is where processors are built into everyday objects that are connected online.
    - clothing
    - vehicles
    - buildings
    - appliances
    - people
  47. 47RFID ChipsRadio frequency identification chips are a way to embed processors into everyday objects. used to identify and track products for stock control. like a barcode, but doesn't need to be scanned.
    - animals
    - home (fridge)
    - in shops
  48. 48Cloud computingcloud computing is where you use external servers instead of your hard drive. some well known hosting services are Dropbox, Google and Microsoft.
    - home
    - on the go
    - work
  49. 49benefits of cloud computingCost savings: you only pay for the storage you use, rather than having to buy and maintain all the server hardware.
    'anytime, Anywhere' : you can access your files and software from anywhere in the world, as long as there is internet connection.
  50. 50Drawbacks of cloud computingreliability and speed: a poor hosting service can mean that the servers are slow, or they crash and the service goes down.
    Security: you have to trust the hosting company to keep your files safe otherwise there is a risk from hackers.
  51. 51ISPISP
  52. 52Network infrastructureNetwork infrastructure
  53. 53Server- runs special software to serve other computers
    - Different types include file, print, web and email servers
  54. 54Client- a computer/ device that uses services provided by a server
    - the computer you need to access the internet is a client
  55. 55Router- device that direct data traffic through a network
    - they are intelligent and will try to find the best routes
  56. 56Backbone- A 'big' cable ( often fiber optic) that connects a large number of devices in the 'core' of the internet
  57. 57ISP connectionsISP connections
  58. 58ISPinternet service provider
    - it allows connection to the internet
    - it can also provide additional services for a fee eg, website development/hosting and tech support and email address.
  59. 59Point of presenceits an access point to the internet
  60. 60Network access pointits where different networks interconnect, such as your home network onto the internet.
  61. 61Dial up connectionsadvantages:
    - can use existing telephone wires
    - gives connection where broadband is not available
    Disadvantages:
    - older technology can give poor connection
    - usually slower than other methods
    - conversion between digital and analogue can cause errors.
  62. 62BroadbandAdvantages:
    - better reception and speed than dial-up
    Disadvantages:
    - wired, so has to be used on a stationary computer
    - broadband is not available in many rural areas
  63. 63WirelessAdvantages:
    - not fixed to a stationary computer
    - can be sued whenever wireless internet is available
    Disadvantages:
    - needs to have wireless internet available
    - can be less secure than wired
    - tends to be slower than wired
  64. 64Broadband download timeBroadband download time
  65. 65HTTPHypertext transfer protocol
    - a set of rules that handle what we do on the web
    - it handles your request to load a page from a web server
    - it also handles the response to download the web page and all its files to your computers.
  66. 66HTTPSThe 's' in HTTPS means secure
    - data in the web page is scrambled before sending across the internet. so, if it gets intercepted, it may not be understandable.
    - its there to protect privacy from 'hackers'
  67. 67FTPFile transfer protocol
    - used to upload and download files from a server or to transfer files to a webs server
    - you usually need a user name and password
  68. 68TCPTransmission control protocol
    Responsible for:
    - breaking data into packets
    - assembling the packets again when they arrive.
  69. 69IPinternet protocol
    Responsible for:
    - handling the route of packets(addressing, sending and receiving packets over the net)
  70. 70Web pageWeb page
  71. 71HyperlinksThey connect web pages together. When one is clicked, a user is taken to another page on the site or taken to another website.
  72. 72BrowserA browser is an application that allows a user to enter a URL and view a web page. Your browser reads the HTML code and displays the page.
  73. 73Web ServersWebsites are stored on web servers. When you access a web page through a browser, the page is temporarily downloaded onto your computer. its the servers job to deliver he web page requested.
  74. 74URL diagramURL diagram
  75. 75URLA URL is an address for a web page. it stands for uniform resource locator.
  76. 76ProtocolTells the browser what to do with the URL
  77. 77Domain nameThe name of the website
  78. 78PathThe points to a specific webpage
  79. 79Search engineSearch engine
  80. 80client siderefers to operations that are performed by a client in a computer network.
  81. 81search engineSpecial websites that allow users to find data on the internet.
  82. 82Server siderefers to the programs and operations that run on the server.
  83. 83Spiderweb crawlerThey look around the web, looking for new or updated pages and log them in the search engine's database. called the index.
  84. 84indexcreates a store of all the repeated words and its used to later reassemble the contents to the best quality.
  85. 85databaseorganized collection of data stored and accessed electronically from a computer system.
  86. 86sponsored link resultsadd that could possibly be relevant to the search that has been made.
  87. 87Store and forwardwhen email is sent, its put n hold until recipient is online and received.
  88. 88Address book/ contact groupa book containing the email addresses of anyone you have sent an email to or have saved in your contacts.
  89. 89CCcarbon copy
    a copy of the email that you can send to other people
  90. 90BCCBlind carbon copy
    copy of email that can be sent to others whilst hiding the email addresses of other recipients.
  91. 91Benefits of using email- they arrive quicker than a letter in the post
    - they cost less money
    - Gmail and Hotmail use cloud servers so you can access email anywhere.
    - you can attach files, images and documents
    - you can use distribution lists to send your email to multiple people
  92. 92Drawbacks of using email- spam and junk emails
    - fake emails can lead to you revealing personal information
    - viruses
    - you cant expect a sudden response as email isn't real time.
    - not everyone will have email and/or be active
  93. 93SMTPsimple mail transfer protocol
    - it pushes outgoing email to a server
  94. 94IMAPinternet message access protocol
    - lets you access your email on a server
    - when logon, you pull email from server
    'anytime, anywhere'
  95. 95POP3Post office protocol 3
    - download emails from the server
    - then emails could be deleted from the server
  96. 96Webmailall your messages stay on the server
    + can access email on any device
    + email backed-up
    - you must have net connection
    - slow service
  97. 97Email clientemails downloaded to client machine
    + can access them, even if not online
    + client software has more features
    - emails lost if computer crashes
  98. 98Data exchange, data packet diagramData exchange, data packet diagram
  99. 99description of packet switchingthe process of data being broken up into 'packets' before being sent through a network and being reassembled at the end.
  100. 100Advantages of packet switching- packets choose different routes so the traffic flow is efficient
    - big files can still be sent but don't clog networks
    - packets give security benefit because if intercepted, the hacker would only have access to one part of a file.
  101. 101Disadvantages of packet switching- if one or more packets are lost or corrupted during transmission, the whole file will not be received correctly.
  102. 102what are codecs?special computer programs that convert analogue data into digital data. they encode and decode digital data as packets
  103. 103simplexsignals go one way at a time
    remote - TV
  104. 104Full duplexsignals go in both directions at the same time
    phone calls
  105. 105half- duplexsignals go in both directions but not at the same time
    walkie talkie
  106. 106serial transmissionbits of data are transferred one at a time over a wire
    benefit - good over large distances
    Limitation - complex because the data has to be broken into individual bits
  107. 107parallel transmissionbits of data are transferred simultaneously - a whole byte can be transferred at the same time
    benefit - faster because more bits transferred per second
    limitation - only for shorter distances
  108. 108UTP/STP- contains pairs of copper wires twisted together
    - Used for LANs
    advantages:
    cheaper, reliable, protects data signal from interference
    disadvantages:
    slow, low capacity, used over short distances, data can be interfered with if near another digital device
    Unshielded Twisted Pair/ Shielded Twisted Pair
  109. 109Coaxial cable- is solid copper wire with thick shielding
    - used to connect TV with aerial
    advantages:
    reliable
    disadvantages:
    slow, low capacity, thick and inflexible, used over short distances, susceptible to noise.
  110. 110fiber optic cable- strands of glass carry data as light
    - used for backbone of network
    advantage:
    fast, used over long distances, little interference
    disadvantages:
    used for backbone of network
  111. 111infrared- uses infrared light to transmit data
    advantages:
    reliable
    disadvantages:
    short range, device must be in line of sight, can suffer from interference
  112. 112Microwave(Bluetooth)
    - uses waves with short wavelengths to transmit data
    advantages:
    good for medium distances,
    cant get blocked, omnidirectional
    disadvantages:
    can suffer from interference from other devices e.g. microwave oven that's near to a computer device
  113. 113Satellite- uses satellites in space to relay data between the points on earth e.g. GPS
    advantages:
    good for very long distances
    disadvantages:
    very expensive
  114. 114NIC/NAPNetwork Interface Card/ Network access point
    - devices using wireless networking need a NIC
    - The hardware for receiving wireless signals ( built into tablets and phones)
    - The NIC connects to a NAP (found in libraries and cafes)
  115. 115client side processing is:viewing webpages on your client device
  116. 116examples of where its used:hover image and slider (swipe to scroll)
  117. 117pros:-quick as the data does not have to travel
    - security is higher as the data doesn't have to travel, therefore more likely won't be intercepted.
  118. 118cons:- different browsers process client scripts in different ways
    - the computer speed can be slow depending on what brand/type it is
  119. 119server side processing is:processing data on the 'back end' on the web server
  120. 120examples of where it's used:submitting a web form, submitting a web search
  121. 121pros:- servers are more powerful so it can process data faster
    - no browsers so no browser difficulties
    - efficient (no need to wait for downloads)
  122. 122cons:- when the data is sent back to the client, it has a hi9gh chance of being intercepted
    - if a lot of people are using it, the website may have an overload. this results in the server crashing
  123. 123databaseis a structured collection of data
  124. 124tablestores a set of data
  125. 125fieldthe columns in a table e.g. name, number, salary
  126. 126recordone row that stores data about a single item
  127. 127Primary keya special field with a unique identifier (student ID)
  128. 128Foreign keynot really a product data
    it links to the supplier table
  129. 129relationshipsome databases need more than one table to store data. relationships link tables together
  130. 130Data type: Textany kind of characters including letter and numbers
    e.g. LA6 2HJ
  131. 131Data type: Numericnumerical values e.g. 1.5
  132. 132Data type: Date/timedates and times e.g. 11/04/21
  133. 133Data type: Booleanone of two values such as yes/no or true/false
  134. 134online databasedatabase that can be accessed around the world
    - can be access on the move by Wi-Fi
  135. 135local databasea database held inside a network to keep it safe
    - well protected
  136. 136DBMSdatabase management system
    allows you to create and use your own database
    it handles security to make sure there is no unauthorized access
    it also allows different levels of access
  137. 137SQLlanguage used by a DBMS to create and search a database
    - it has DDL (data definition language) to set up the tables
    - it also had DML (data manipulation language) for updates and search queries
  138. 138Data validation: presence checkensures data is entered into a field and not left blank
  139. 139Data validation: range checkused to ensure data falls between a set range
  140. 140Data validation: format checkused to ensure data is in the correct format
  141. 141Data validation: check digitused to ensure the data received is the same as the data transmitted
  142. 142—hypertext markup language
    code that's used
  143. 143—the main content
  144. 144—heading 1
  145. 145—makes the text bold
  146. 146—makes text italic
  147. 147—make a paragraph of text
  148. 148—insert an image
  149. 149Threats to dataThreats to data
  150. 150How to protect dataHow to protect data
  151. 151Threat: opportunistAvoid by making sure your logged off and have a secure password. lock doors and close down software.
  152. 152Threat: virusAvoid by downloading anti-virus software.
    keeping it up to date.
  153. 153Threat: malwareavoid by don't clicking on links and follow instructions
  154. 154Threat: phishingAvoid by using two step verification
  155. 155threat: Accidental damagemake sure you have a back up of the work and files you are using
  156. 156threat: hackersavoid by using encryption (scrambling data into a secret code before sending it over a network so that hackers don't understand)
  157. 157data protection act- forces organizations to protect the data they store about people
    - lays down 8 principles
    - can be fined if you don't follow them
  158. 158computer misuse act- targets hackers and virus-makers
    - focused on un authorized access
    - starts with access and move on to altering data
  159. 159copyright, designs, and patents act- aimed at preventing privacy
    - protects rights of the makers of music, arts ect.
    - using without permission is illegal
  160. 160freedom of information act- gives people the right to see data stored about them by public sector organizations
    - anyone can make an FOI request

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BTEC IT Flashcards on online services flashcards , created by Isla Simpson on 16/11/2021.
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