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Flashcards

BTEC ICT Unit 1 Flash Card

Damian Fearns IT BTEC English 123 cards

BTEC ICT Unit 1 Flash Card

Cards in this deck (123)

  1. 1CommunicationServices that let people talk to others online e.g. Email, Blogs, Vlogs, Instant messaging, Online conference
  2. 2Real time informationServices that provide up - to - date info. They are constantly updated for people who need the latest information e.g. Train timetable, Weather, News
  3. 3CommerceCommerce means business so these will involve money in some way e.g. Online Banking, Shopping
  4. 4GovernmentThese are 'official' public websites e.g. National Government, Tax, Legal Councils
  5. 5EntertainmentServices for leisure and fun e.g. Music Streaming, Catch Up TV
  6. 6DownloadDownloading services e.g. iTunes, Steam, Google Play Store
  7. 7BusinessMeaning companies use particular online services to improve efficiency and save money e.g. Skype, Microsoft teems
  8. 8EducationInvolves training for workplaces as well as for schools e.g. BBC Bitesize, Seneca,
  9. 9VLEsVirtual Learning Environments e.g. Moodle, Google Classroom
  10. 10SaaSSoftware as a Service lets you use applications online so you only pay for software on demand
  11. 11Online Advertising - PPCPPC stands for Pay Per Click which means a company will pay a search browser (like Google) for every time their ad gets a click
  12. 12Online advertising - Pop UpsPop ups are ads that will pop up onto your screen. These tend to annoy people which is part of what makes them effective as you will likely remember something if it really annoyed you a lot.
  13. 13Online advertising - EmailThis is when a company wish to send advertisements to you via Email. They will typically send hundreds of Emails annoying people. This has the same effect as pop ups.
  14. 14Online advertising - Targeting and CookiesCookies
  15. 15File compressionFile compression is squeezing data to reduce file sizes for both storage and sending. This is done using an algorithm
  16. 16zip compression⁰files are compressed this way by zipping lots of files to one zip folder to send. The receiver can then unzip the files or extract or expand the folder to access the files
  17. 17Standalone softwareStandalone software is the traditional way of working where you install the software directly (from a disc or online) and does not require an internet connection to work and runs fast. However you need to save your work manually.
  18. 18Online softwareOnline software is software that is accessed by your computer through a web browser. This means you can access the work on any device anywhere with signal. However even though you don't need to manually save there is a security risk of hackers trying to steal your work and info.
  19. 19Backup & restore - advantage of online softwarehaving a backup online means a copy of your files are stored on web servers meaning you can restore the files if there is a problem.
  20. 20collaborative workingOnline services allow people to work on the same document at the same time around the world. This allows staff to collaborate online, meaning they do not need to travel helping the environment and they only need one document instead of saving the same one.
  21. 21Version controlWhen people work on the same document it is vital that they show which file version is the latest, this is called version control. e.g. filenames could include the version number
  22. 22Levels of accessThis where certain restrictions are set in place upon logging on to a computer. This is used in schools and businesses and is useful to make sure certain employees or pupils don't have access to files they shouldn't
  23. 23File permissionThese are settings that control what users can do with a file. e.g. view only, view and edit only, full control
  24. 24online communitiesAn online community is a group of people or network of friends that exists only online. e.g. Facebook communities
  25. 25NetiquetteA netiquette is a set of rules for users online e.g. avoid upper cases
  26. 26Profile & avatarA user's online presence such as on social-media. People can decide what to show & how much is true. An avatar is a way to represent you
  27. 27VoIPVoice over Internet Protocol. VoIP is a method of real time communication over the internet e.g. Skype
  28. 28Advantages of VoIPNo additional costs unlike phone calls. Able to connect anywhere with an internet connection. Helps the ecosystem as there are less travel costs
  29. 29Disadvantages of VoIPRelies on an internet connection to work so it can be slow at times or 'buffer'. Data exchanged online is at a security risk, such as hackers.
  30. 30Equipment required for VoIPFor video you require a webcam (however most PC's have this built in). For audio you require both speakers and a microphone or a headset for both in one (however most PC's have this built in).
  31. 31Ubiquitous computingUbiquitous computing is where processors are built into everyday objects that are connected online. e.g. Cars have GPS built into them to direct them, pacemakers are fitted to regulate someone's heartbeat.
  32. 32RFID chipsRadio Frequency IDentification chips are a way to embed processors into everyday objects. They are used to identify and track
    products for stock control. Like a barcode but doesn't need to be scanned.
  33. 33Cloud computingCloud computing is where
  34. 34ISP (Internet Service Provider)ISP (Internet Service Provider)
  35. 35Network InfrastructureNetwork Infrastructure
  36. 36ServersA server is a type of hardware that runs special software to serve other computers. Different types include file, print, web and E-mail servers.
  37. 37ClientA client is a computer/device that that uses services provided by a server. The computer you use to access the internet is a client.
  38. 38RouterA router is a device that directs/routes data traffic through a network. They are intelligent and will attempt to find the best routes.
  39. 39BackboneA 'big' cable (often fibre optic) that connects a large number of devices in the 'core' of the internet.
  40. 40ISP ConnectionsISP Connections
  41. 41ISPAn ISP allows connection to the internet, it would be too expensive to connect to the internet directly so the ISP gives an easy way for a connection. ISP's can also provide additional services for a fee, such as website development and tech support.
  42. 42PoPA Point of Presence is an access point to the internet. An ISP may have several PoP's to allow greater connection to the internet for clients.
  43. 43NAPA Network Access Point is where different networks interconnects, such as your home network onto the internet.
  44. 44Advantages/disadvantages of Dial up connectionsIt can use existing telephone wires and it gives connection where broadband is not available. However, it gives poor reception, it's slower than other methods and can cause many errors when converting files.
  45. 45Advantages/disadvantages of Broadband connectionsGives better reception and speed than dial up. However, it is wired so it has to be used on a stationary computer and broadband is not available in rural areas.
  46. 46Advantages/disadvantages of Wireless connectionsNot fixed to a stationary computer, can be used whenever wireless internet is available. However, It needs to have wireless internet available, it can be less secure than wired and it tends to be slower than wired.
  47. 47BandwidthBandwidth is how much capacity (space) there is to carry digital data.
  48. 48bandwidth downloadsbandwidth downloads
  49. 49HTTPHyperText Transfer Protocol is the set of rules that govern what we do on the web. It handles your request to load a page from a web server. It also handles your request to download the web page and all its files to your computer.
  50. 50HTTPSThe 's' means secure. Data in the web page is scrambled before sending it across the internet. So if data is intercepted it can't be understood. Protects privacy from hackers.
  51. 51FTPFile Transfer Protocol is an old protocol invented before the web was invented. It's still used to download and upload files from a server. It is often used to transfer files to a web server when making a web page. To use FTP you often need a username and password.
  52. 52TCPTransmission Control Protocol is responsible for breaking data into packets and assembling the packets again when they arrive.
  53. 53IPInternet Protocol is responsible for handling the routing of packets and addressing, sending and receiving packets over the net.
  54. 54World Wide Web layoutWorld Wide Web layout
  55. 55HyperlinksThe web works because of hyperlinks, they connect web pages together. When a hyperlink is clicked, a user is taken to another page on the site, or to another website.
  56. 56Web serversWebsites are stored on web servers. When you access a web page through a browser, the page is temporarily downloaded to your computer. It is the web servers job to deliver the web page requested.
  57. 57BrowsersWeb pages are accessed through browsers. These are applications that allow a user to enter a URL and view a web page. Your browser reads the HTML code and displays the page.
  58. 58URL DiagramURL Diagram
  59. 59Search enginesSearch engines
  60. 60Client sideThis is where you type requests to your search engine. It is also where you receive your search results. (This is the left side in the above diagram).
  61. 61Server sideThis is where the search engine searches its index of sites to find the one most relevant to your search terms. (This is the right side in the above diagram).
  62. 62Search engineSearch engines are special websites that allow users to find data on the internet. Such as Bing or Google.
  63. 63Spider web/crawlerThese are automated programs that search engines use to collect details of websites. They look around the web, looking for new or updated pages and log them in the search engines database called the index.
  64. 64IndexA search engines index is where all pages that are logged in the engines database are logged.
  65. 65DatabaseThe search engines database is where all pages that are found by web crawlers are stored for retrieval.
  66. 66Sponsored link resultsThese are search results that a company has paid to be top result for a particular search term. The more a company pays, the more likely it is to appear at the top of a search result.
  67. 67AdvertsAdverts can be placed on the right side and top of a search result page. Companies will do this to get more viewership of their brand when people search a particular key word.
  68. 68PopularityThis is the order that search results are shown in. More popular and visited pages will get shown above less popular ones when you search a particular term.
  69. 69Address book/contact groupThis is a list (typically) containing all of the email addresses that your computer remembers allowing you to send an email much easier than having to type out an email address every time.
  70. 70CCCarbon Copy. This is a way to email multiple people with the same message at once. Note, all these people can see the other people you send a CC to.
  71. 71BCCBlind Carbon Copy. This is another form of CC however the difference is that with a BCC no-one else can see who you forward the message to in a BCC.
  72. 72Benefits of using emailEmails usually arrive in seconds compared to letters which can take days. In an email you can send the same message to multiple people with a CC whereas with letters you have to handwrite more letters.
  73. 73Disadvantages of using emailNot everyone has an email address so not everyone can receive or send them. Attachments in emails can contain harmful code designed to harm your computer.
  74. 74SMTPSimple Mail Transfer Protocol. This pushes outgoing mail to a server. If there is ever a problem sending, SMTP will keep trying until it gets sent.
  75. 75IMAPInternet Messaging Access Protocol. This lets you access your email on a server. When logged on, you pull the email from the server, so you can access 'anytime, anywhere'.
  76. 76POP3Post Office Protocol 3. This originally came before webmail when people used 'email client software' e.g. MS Outlook. You downloaded emails from the server, then emails would be deleted from the server
  77. 77WebmailWebmail servers such as Gmail make all your messages stay on the server so you can access email on many devices, the email is backed up. However you must have an internet connection with decent service.
  78. 78Email clientE mails downloaded to client machine. You can access them when offline and the client software has more features. However the emails will be lost if computer crashes.
  79. 79Data exchange Data packet diagramData exchange Data packet diagram
  80. 80Packet switchingFist all data is split into packets by the TCP. Then, the packets travel on different routes to their destination handled by the IP. Finally, all the packets are put back together, the packets are reassembled by the TCP.
  81. 81Advantages of packet switchingIf someone intercepted the data while travelling, they will only find one part of the data and not the full package.
  82. 82Disadvantages of packet switchingYou require a large amount of Random Access Memory for packet switching.
  83. 83SimplexSignals go in one direction at a time. This is like a TV remote to a TV.
  84. 84Half DuplexSignals go in both directions but not simultaneously. This is like a PC requesting to print something and the printer giving permission to print it.
  85. 85Full DuplexSignals go in both directions at the same time. Like two people texting each other.
  86. 86Shielded twisted cable pairsUsed for cables such as mouse and keyboards, is cheap and effective and due to the shielding the copper wire inside can not be tampered with. However, these are only for short distances and have a low capacity.
  87. 87Unshielded twisted cable pairsCheaper than most other cables available and is fairly reliable. However, these are only for short distance, have a low capacity and due to the lack of shielding the copper wires are susceptible to interference.
  88. 88Coaxial cableUsed to connect TVs to an Ariel typically and is fairly reliable. However, it is slow, has a low capacity, used over short distances, thick and physically inflexible and is susceptible to noise.
  89. 89Fibre optic cableStrands of glass that carry data as light. It is fast, used over long distances and has little interference. However it is used for the backbone of the network.
  90. 90Infrared signalUses infrared light to transmit data, it is very high frequency light and is reliable. However, It has a short range, devices must be in line of sight and can suffer from interference.
  91. 91Microwave signalUses waves with short wavelengths to transmit data like Bluetooth for example. It is reliable for very medium distances but can suffer interference from other devices e.g. a microwave oven that's close to a computer device.
  92. 92Satellite communicationUses satellites in space to relay data between points on earth. e.g. GPS trackers, SatNav in a car.
  93. 93NICNetwork Interface Card is the hardware for receiving wireless signals. It's built into modern devices like tablets and phones. The NIC connects to a NAP. Lot's of places offer NAP's such as Cafes.
  94. 94Client-side processingClient-side is viewing webpages on your client device e.g. laptop. Webpages today have lots of features that are interactive, interactivity is achieved using scripts (e.g. JavaScript). These client scripts are run by your browser to display the interactive effect.
  95. 95Server-side processingServer-side means processing data at the 'back end' on the web server. It's done using special scripts written in server-side such as PHP. All of this usually happens after you've done something on a webpage, this is all the nerdy stuff people never think about.
  96. 96Client-side processing usesUsed on some webpages is when images change when you hover your mouse pointer over them. This 'hover' effect is achieved using code in a client script.
  97. 97Server-side processing usesAfter you click SUBMIT your data is sent back to the web server for processing, such as storing your personal data on the website's database.
  98. 98DatabaseA database is a structured collection of data.
  99. 99TableA table stores a set of data like all the students in a school.
  100. 100FieldFields are the top columns in a table e.g. Forename, Surname, Gender, Date of birth etc.
  101. 101RecordA record is one row that stores data about a single item e.g. a students details.
  102. 102Primary keyThe primary key is a special field with a unique identifier e.g. a student.
  103. 103Relational databaseMost databases need more than one table to store all of the data, so the tables need to be linked (or related) to create a relational database.
  104. 104Foreign keySome supplier IDs are not really product data. This is called a foreign key, its purpose is to link to the supplier table.
  105. 105Online databaseAn online database is a database that can be accessed around the world.
  106. 106Local databaseA local database is a database that is held inside a network to keep it secure.
  107. 107DBMSDatabase Management System is software that allows you to create and use your own database. It creates tables and fields and allows you to search and sort data, it also handles security to prevent un-authorised access. It also allows different levels of access for different users.
  108. 108SQLStructured Query Language is the language used by a DBMS to actually create and search a database. It has a Data Definition Language (DDL) to set up the tables. It also has a Data Manipulation Language (DML) for updates and search queries.
  109. 109Data validationValidation means checking data on input to see if it meets certain rules. These validation rules check to see if something is appropriate (but not if it's correct).
  110. 110Presence validation checkEnsures data is entered into a field and not left blank.
  111. 111Range validation checkUsed to ensure data falls between a set range.
  112. 112Format validation checkUsed to ensure data is in the correct format.
  113. 113Check digitUsed to ensure the data received is the same as the data transmitted.
  114. 114Threats to dataThreats to data
  115. 115Ways to protect dataWays to protect data
  116. 116Oppurtunist threatsA company's network security can be breached by people who take a random opportunity e.g. someone's work laptop being left logged on. This can be prevented by constantly logging off when leaving the workstation.
  117. 117VirusViruses are malicious programs that are designed to replicate and spread across a computer or a network to damage or corrupt files and data. Can be prevented by having up-to date anti-virus software.
  118. 118MalWareMalware is Malicious software, such as trojans or spyware and other bad software that aims to cause damage to files or steal data. Can be prevented by checking what you install on the internet and being careful.
  119. 119PhishingThis is when hackers use fake emails or websites to trick people into clicking links and entering their personal data e.g. passwords. May be prevented by being careful when entering personal data.
  120. 120Data Protection ActForces organisation to protect the data they store about people and can be fined if they don't follow them. Data must be accurate and up to date.
  121. 121Computer Misuse ActTargets hackers and virus-makers, focused on un-authorised access and starts with access, then intention to do more harm and then altering data.
  122. 122Copyright, Designs And Patents ActAimed at preventing piracy. Protects rights of the makers of the software, photos, music, films etc. Use without permission is illegal.
  123. 123Freedom of Information ActGives people the right to see the data stored about them by public sector organisations e.g. Government, Councils. Anyone can make a FOI request.

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BTEC IT Flashcards on BTEC ICT Unit 1 Flash Card, created by Damian Fearns on 16/11/2021.
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