Flashcards
Structure of Processor, FDE cycle
Cards in this deck (32)
- 1What does a motherboard do?Acts as a central place for all components.
- 2What does the Central Processing Unit do?Manipulates the info sent to the registers of the CPU.
This info may be instructions or data for the processor to carry out or store. - 3What is a HHDA hard disk drive is a secondary storage device used by the computer to store its programs and data.
It is a non-volatile memory device that permanently stores and removes data. - 4What is the difference between Solid-state and hard disk devices?SSD - faster performance, no vibrations/noise, more energy efficient
HHD - cheaper per GB, available in large versions - 5What does a power supply do?Provides/regulates the supply of power to the motherboard and subsequently all other components.
- 6How many watts does an average power supply have?200-500 watts
- 7How are the pieces in a computer connects?All components connect to a motherboard.
Hardware components on the motherboard are also connected together using printed circuitry called buses. - 8What is a bus and what does it do?Buses are circuits on the motherboard that connect the CPU to other components.
It moves instructions and data around the system. The faster the bus, the faster data is communicated. - 9What does the system bus contain?Three separate buses carrying control signals, addresses and data.
- 10What is the CPU?The central processing unit is the part of the computer that processes the data.
The faster the speed of processor, the more instructions and operations it can perform per second. - 11What is the CPU speed measured in?Hz
- 12How does the CPU operate?By repeating three operations: Fetch, Decode and Excecute
- 13Describe the fetch operationThe instruction/data that needs to be processed needs to be fetched from the memory
- 14Describe the decode operationBreaks down the instruction to determine what action is needed
- 15Describe the execute operationCarries out instruction/action
- 16What is the Control Unit?The CU oversees the operation of all hardware, including input and output devices and the CPU. COntrol signals are sent along the control bus between the control unit and the other componenets of the computer.
- 17What are some control signals?Memory Read - causes data from the addressed location in RAM to be place on the data bus
Memory write - causes data on the data bus to be written into the addressed location in RAM
Bus request - indicates that a device is requesting use of the data bus
Bus grant - indicates that the CPU has granted access to the data bus clock: used to synchronise operations - 18What are buses?Wires that enable the transfer of data and control signals between the different parts of the motherboard
- 19What are the 3 main buses?Address bus - carries info about where the data is being sent
Control bus - sends control signals to different parts of the computer
Data bus - carries the actual data - 20What is the ALU?Arithemetic Logic Unit. Carries out arithemetic operations such as addition, multiplication, subtraction and division. It can also make logical comparisons between items of data, like seeing which item is bigger than the other
- 21What is the accumulator?Stores the results of the ALU. Rather than writing back to slow memory, processors have several locations of super-fast memory called registers that temporarily store results.
- 22What is the clock?Part of the processor that regulates all of the actions that take place
- 23What is the PC?Program counter. Holds memory address of the next instruction to be executed
- 24What is the CIR/IRcurrent instruction register. holds the current instruction, which is split into opcode and operand
- 25What is the MAR?Memory Address Register. Holds the address in memory where the processor is required to fetch or store data from or to.
- 26What is the MDR?temporarily holds data moving between the processor and main memory
- 27What is the accumulator?holds intermediate results of an isntruction
- 28Describe the fetch cycle in detail.The address of the next instruction is copied from the PC to the MAR. The isntruction held at that address is copied to the MDR. At the same time, the contents of the PC are incremented. The contents of the MDR are copied to the CIR
- 29Describe the decode cycle in detail.The instruction held in the CIR is decoded. It's split into operand and opcode to determine the type of instruction it is. Additional data, if required, is fetched from memory and passed the accumulator. With the instruction now in the CIR, the CU can work out what needs to be done to carry it out.
- 30What does the opcode do?Specify the operation that is to be carried out.
- 31What does the operand hold?Either the address of the data to be used which is then copied to the MAR or the actual data to be operated on which is passed to the MDR.
- 32Describe the execute cycle in detail.The instruction is executed and the result held in accumulator or stored in memory.
Information
- Description
- A level Computer Science (Unit 1 - Topic 1) Flashcards on Structure of Processor, FDE cycle, created by Ariana Parr on 14/02/2022.
- Created by
- Ariana Parr · Feb 2022
- Updated
- Feb 14, 2022
- Views
- 3
- Rating