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Flashcards

Software Methodologies - not finished

Ariana Parr Computer Science A level English 38 cards

Cards in this deck (38)

  1. 1What is a prototype?a model of the new system to be developed.
  2. 2Why would a company use a prototype?the user gets a ‘look and feel’ of the system and can make comments before time-consuming mistakes can be made.
  3. 3Name 2 types of prototypingPiloting – using a prototype to test the feasibility of a design proposal or system requirement
    Modelling – built to develop a deeper understanding of the user requirements
  4. 4What are the advantages of prototypes?- It allows you to concentrate on just the problem itself, rather than being distracted by another problem.
    - Other areas of the project/system do not affect the functionality of the part of the system you are developing.
    - If your new feature fails catastrophically you do not have to retype/redo any more work, as the original database is still fine.
    - When complete, introducing into the actual system should be relatively easy. Any errors encountered are based on the communication between the system and your new feature.
  5. 5Describe the waterfall prototyping system- Shows each of the main stages in the development of a new system.
    - Each of these stages are classed as milestones of the development, and consists of a number of subtasks that need to be completed.
    - Due to its linear approach, the waterfall lifecycle is suited to large projects.
  6. 6Describe the spiral prototyping system- Is an extension of the waterfall method but is designed to ensure that review and risks are evaluated regularly.
    - The purpose of the spiral model is to try to eliminate project failures, which happen frequently in computer software development.
    - It consists of three prototypes which are reviewed and evaluated before finally developing the final system.
    - The method starts in the centre with the concepts and a conceptual model which is emulated and evaluated.
    - The software requirements are determined then a full development plan produced.
    - The ‘Commit’ line is where the decision has been agreed with the client.
  7. 7Describe the Rapid application development prototyping system- RAD approaches to software development require less emphasis on planning tasks and more emphasis on the development stage.
    - The idea is that the project is developed and reviewed by the client. RAD development utilises prototypes as design specifications with the flexibility to change outcomes based on clients’ feedback.
  8. 8Describe the Agile software development prototyping system- This methodology is to develop the solution through teams. These teams collaborate but focus on particular areas to evolve the project.
    - The solutions produced are used by the client and then actively evolved into a better solution based on feedback.
    - This means that the client sees progress sooner and is able to provide adaptive improvements to allow the project to finally meet its objectives.
  9. 9Describe the extreme programming prototyping system- it is designed to allow for client changes throughout the development of the project.
    - It is performed by using frequent solutions in short development cycles, which is intended to improve productivity and allow the client to change the objectives as it is developed.
    - In extreme programming there is constant review of progress and feedback from the client, hence the name ‘extreme’ meaning that regular review taken to the extreme would be constant.
  10. 10Why is the analysis stage important?it is the foundation on which the software will be designed.
  11. 11What has to happen before any work is done?the requirements for the solution must be identified to create a data model.
  12. 12What is a feasibility report?the examination of whether the system is achievable with current technology and within the constraints of the requirements.
  13. 13Requirement elicitation is what?he method you used to gather the requirements, i.e. viewpoints of the stakeholders, interviews with end users, observation of how the current system works and questionnaire for the end users.
  14. 14Requirement analysis is what?using business scenarios or business models to derive requirements as well as grouping elicited requirements into their requirement types before the requirements are refined during requirement specification to make them precise and detailed.
  15. 15What are the different requirement types?Functional
    Non-functional
    Quality
    Domain
    Interoperability
    C.R.U.D.
  16. 16Describe the functional requirement typeFunctional requirements are statements of services the system should provide and how it should react to certain inputs.
  17. 17Describe the non-functional requirement typeNon-functional requirements are constraints on services, i.e. reliability, availability, performance, usability and efficiency. This also covers social, ethical and lawful requirements.
  18. 18Describe the quality requirement typeQuality’ can be an intangible property but it covers whether or not the system will adhere to standards and the expectations of the system.
  19. 19Describe the domain requirement typeDomain requirements are the requirements for the system to run in its expected environment, e.g. files being limited to staff with clearance to view them.
  20. 20Describe the Interoperability requirement typeThese requirements are used for when the new system is going to provide a service using the pre-existing service.
  21. 21Describe the CRUD requirement typeC.R.U.D. – Create, Read, Update and Delete. These requirements cover how data needs to be handled by the system.
  22. 22What is requirement validation?the final stage and produces the requirements report which is used in the next stage, design.
  23. 23How can requirement validation be accomplished?running a scenario walkthrough to make sure all requirements have been covered, prototyping to find requirements that have been missed during the elicitation stage, and test-casing – a technique that uses a set of conditions to test whether or not a system will succeed.
  24. 24What is a design model?it is a model of something that needs to be built.
  25. 25What does the design stage allow?This stage allows you to assess the eventual product without building it to test for requirement satisfaction.
  26. 26What is decomposition?breaking the problem into modules which act as a way of segmenting the full build so that it is more easily maintained.
  27. 27What is a patch/update?use modular design to correct mistakes or inefficiencies found in code after implementation.
  28. 28Explain Algorithmic design- This will be done as an iterative approach using prototyping to quickly produce the algorithms that will be robust when they’re fully developed.
    - The design is validated by checking the proposed design against the requirement report to check it conforms to the requirements of the system, the needs of the user and the ‘quality’ the client is expecting.
    - The output is the final design and is the input for the next section, Implementation.
  29. 29What does implementation involve?taking the system from the design stage to having it installed for the customer, and the users trained.
  30. 30Steps that will need to be achieved for implementation to be possible include:* Installing software and hardware
    * Creating the correct data files
    * Properly documenting the system and providing training
  31. 31How can implementation be made easier? What tools can be used?by the effective use of a CASE tools.
  32. 32How can Fourth-generation languages be used?The actual machine code they produce may not be as efficient, but the nature of such languages is
    such that the system can be more precisely tailored to meet the user’s requirements.
  33. 33How can Interface generators be used?Such as that contained in Visual Basic, which allows the user to design the form’s dialogue (menus,
    textboxes, buttons, etc.) without actually having to write any code.
  34. 34How can Code generation facilities be used?To automatically create some source code. For example, VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) systems are written to run using a package such as Microsoft Word or Excel. Simple operations such as saving documents and copying chunks of text can be coded automatically. The
    programmer clicks ‘Record’, and performs the operation he or she wants to be included in the system. The operation is translated into code, which can then be mapped to a keyboard shortcut, or assigned to a button for ease of use.
  35. 35How can a data dictionary be used?To record the details of the data in the system. This is particularly important in database systems.
  36. 36How can project management be used?Software such as PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) can assist with scheduling.
  37. 37How can Design tools be used?Such as desktop publishing (DTP) packages, aid design of the interface.
  38. 38How can a Report generator be used?Used to automatically create documentation from the system.

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A level Computer Science Flashcards on Software Methodologies - not finished, created by Ariana Parr on 21/02/2022.
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Ariana Parr
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