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Flashcards

Cardiovascular, Lymph and Urinary System

Tu Ngo Anatomy 1st grade English 101 cards

Fibrous pericardium

Cards in this deck (101)

  1. 1PericardiumPericardium
  2. 2Fibrous pericardiumFibrous sac surrounding the serous pericardium, the heart, and the pericardial cavityFibrous pericardium
  3. 3Serous pericardiumSerous pericardium
  4. 4Layers of the pericardiumEpicardium, myocardium and endocardiumLayers of the pericardium
  5. 5ApexHeart points downward (Caudalventral)Apex
  6. 6BaseTop of the heartBase
  7. 7AortaArches caudally, left ventricleAorta
  8. 8Vena cavaRight atriumVena cava
  9. 9Pulmonary trunkRight ventriclePulmonary trunk
  10. 10Pulmonary veinsLeft atriumPulmonary veins
  11. 11Coronary grooveMarks separation of atria and ventriclesCoronary groove
  12. 12Interventricular grooveMarks separation of ventricles. Subsinosal (right side of heart) and paraconal (left side of heart)Interventricular groove
  13. 13Heart interiorHeart interior
  14. 14Flow of blood through the heartRight atrium, right auricle, pectinate muscles, right AV opening, chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, right ventricle, conus arteriosus (moderator band), left atrium, left auricle, pectinate muscles, left AV opening, chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, left ventricle, aortic opening
  15. 15AV valvesPrevent backflow into the atria during systolic contractions. Attach peripherally to the fibrous rings of cardiac skeleton
  16. 16Right AV (Tricuspid valves)In the dog, there are only 2 major cusps while other species have 3
  17. 17Left AV (Bicuspid valves)Heavier construction due to greater pressure of the left ventricle during systole
  18. 18Aortic valve3 semilunar cusps attached to the aortic fibrous ring (ossa cordis in ox and older horses) in the origin of the aorta
  19. 19Pulmonary valveSimilar to the aortic valve, but not as heavy-duty
  20. 20Coronary ArteriesArteries encircling the base of the heart, 1st branches of the aorta
  21. 21Right Coronary ArteriesOriginates from right aortic sinus; runs cranially under the right auricle and then to the right in the coronary groove
  22. 22Left Coronary ArteriesOriginates from the left aortic sinus; runs to the left under the left auricle and immediately branches
  23. 23Dogs, ruminantsLeft artery gives rise to both circumflex branch and subsinuosal artery
  24. 24Horse, pigRight artery gives rise to subsinuosal artery
  25. 25CatEither but usually left artery
  26. 26AortaArtery that leaves the left ventricle. Sends oxygenated blood from the left heart to the heart itself and to the rest of the body
  27. 27Ascending aortaFirst part of the aorta
  28. 28Aortic archBranches to head, neck, limb
  29. 29Brachiocephalic trunk1st branch of the aortic arch, present in all domestic species. Gives rise to the common carotid and the right
  30. 30Brachiocephalic trunk in Pigs/CarnivoresBrachiocephalic and left subclavian arteries arise separately from the aortic archBrachiocephalic trunk in Pigs/Carnivores
  31. 31Brachiocephalic trunk in Horses/RuminantsOnly the brachiocephalic artery arises from the aortic arch. Both subclavian arteries arise from the brachiocephalic trunkBrachiocephalic trunk in Horses/Ruminants
  32. 32R & L common carotid arteriesAscend to the neck to supply the head face, and brain
  33. 33R & L subclavian arteriesSupply the neck, thoracic limb, and the cranial portion of the thoracic wall
  34. 34Axillary aortaDirect continuation of the subclavian artery past the 1st rib to supply the thoracic limb
  35. 35Descending aortaExtends ventrally through the body. Split into thoracic and abdominal aorta.
  36. 36Head ArteriesHead Arteries
  37. 37Common carotidTerminate in the internal and external carotid. Supplies the head, face, and brain.Common carotid
  38. 38External carotidBecomes the maxillaryExternal carotid
  39. 39Internal carotidBecomes the basilarInternal carotid
  40. 40LinguofacialBecomes facialLinguofacial
  41. 41Arterial circleLocated ventral to the hypothalamus
  42. 42Flow of blood to the headAortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, R/L common carotid (internal carotid basilar), external carotid (linguofacial, facial), maxillary
  43. 43Thorax ArteriesThorax Arteries
  44. 44Bronchoesophageal (m)Supplies to lungsBronchoesophageal (m)
  45. 45Internal thoracic arterySupplies ventral thoraxInternal thoracic artery
  46. 46Intercostal arteriesDorsal and ventralIntercostal arteries
  47. 47Thoracic Limb: Cat/DogSubclavian, axillary (subscapular), brachial (interosseous (common cranial, common caudal)), median, digital
  48. 48Thoracic Limb: Cat/Dog PictureThoracic Limb: Cat/Dog Picture
  49. 49Thoracic Limb: Ox/HorseSubclavian, axillary (subscapular), brachial (interosseous (common cranial, common caudal)), median, palmar common/proper digital (axial, abaxial). In horse median becomes median palmar which becomes medial and lateral digital.
  50. 50Thoracic Limb: Ox/Horse PictureThoracic Limb: Ox/Horse Picture
  51. 51Abdominal aortaDescending aorta caudal to the diaphragm. Terminates in the paired external/internal iliac.Abdominal aorta
  52. 52CeliacStomach, spleen, liver, and part of the duodenum and pancreasCeliac
  53. 53Mensentary (cranial/caudal)Cranial supplies most of the intestines, caudal supplies descending colon and rectumMensentary (cranial/caudal)
  54. 54RenalCaudal to the cranial mesenteric; each goes to a kidneyRenal
  55. 55External iliacLarge terminal branches of the caudal aorta that pass to the pelvic limbsExternal iliac
  56. 56Internal iliacTermination of the aorta passing to supply the viscera of the pelvis and part of the hip and thighInternal iliac
  57. 57Deep femoralBranches off external iliacDeep femoral
  58. 58Mammary arteryBranches off external pudendalMammary artery
  59. 59Internal pudendalBranches of internal iliac. Terminates ventral perineal artery and artery of penis or clitoris. Branches to prostatic/vaginalInternal pudendal
  60. 60Pelvic limb arteries (Horse)Femoral (saphenous (Med/Lat plantar), caudal femoral), popliteal, cranial tibial, dorsal pedal, metatarsal (great/dorsal), medial/lateral digital)
  61. 61Pelvic limb arteries (Ox)Femoral (saphenous (Med/Lat plantar), caudal femoral), popliteal, cranial tibial, dorsal pedal, dorsal metatarsal, dorsal common digital, interdigital, plantar common digital, axial/abaxial digital
  62. 62Pelvic limb arteries picturePelvic limb arteries picture
  63. 63Place to find a pulseFacial (transverse facial artery or maxillary branch), median, median palmar, great metatarsal, coccygeal, digital
  64. 64Venipuncture sitesLarge animals usually use the external jugular vein
    Ox - Also median sacral artery
    Pigs - Also intermediate auricular vein (ear), cephalic vein in young piglets, the milk vein (the subcutaneous abdominal vein) of the coccygeal vein (tail)
    Horses - Also facial vein
    Dog - Cephalic, jugular. Also, lateral saphenous & sublingual
  65. 65External jugular veinHead to heart
  66. 66Cephalic veinForelimbs to heart
  67. 67Subclavian veinForelimbs to heart
  68. 68Brachiocephalic veinForelimbs to heart (only in carnivores and pigs)
  69. 69Cranial and caudal vena cava veinMajor vein that comes into the heart
  70. 70Portal veinLiver to heart
  71. 71Medial and lateral saphenous veinHind limbs to heart
  72. 72Bone marrowBoth B-cells and T-cells produced in bone marrow. B-cells maturation
  73. 73ThymusT-cells maturation
  74. 74SpleenFilters the bloodstream
  75. 75Lymph nodesSmall groups of tissue which filter the lymph via white blood cells
  76. 76ParotidFound in dog, ox
  77. 77Mandibular lymph nodeFound in dog, ox, horse
  78. 78Lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodeFound in ox
  79. 79Superficial cervical lymph nodeFound in dog, ox, horse
  80. 80Axillary lymph nodeFound in dog
  81. 81Cubital lymph nodeFound in horse
  82. 82Superficial popliteal lymph nodeFound in dog
  83. 83Subiliac lymph nodeFound in ox, horse
  84. 84Superficial inguinal lymph nodeFound in dog, ox, horse
  85. 85ChyleLymphatic vessels in the intestinal villi transport fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol
  86. 86Cisterna chyliFirst area of lymph drainage
  87. 87Thoracic ductsDrains lymph after cisterna chyli
  88. 88KidneyPaired organs which filter the blood and create the fluid was known as urine
  89. 89Renal CortexSuperficial layer of the kidney
  90. 90Renal MedullaDeep layer of the kidney
  91. 91Adrenal glandsSit cranial to the kidneys (Except horse). Responsible for electrolyte homeostasis, glucose homeostasis, sex hormones. Deep layer controls fight or flight response.
  92. 92Renal CirculationRenal artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, vasa recta, interlobular vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein, renal vein
  93. 93GlomerulusNetwork of capillaries that filter blood
  94. 94Bowman’s capsuleSurrounds glomerulus and collects the filtrate
  95. 95NephronsUnit of the kidney that filters the bloodstream
  96. 96Flow of in nephronsProximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle (thick descending loop, thin descending loop, thin ascending loop, thick descending loop), distal convoluted tubule, empties into collecting duct
  97. 97Portal systemBlood travels between two capillary beds before returning to the heart. Capillary bed in the glomerulus (filtration) and capillary bed in the vasa recta (reabsorption).
  98. 98Urine flow in multipyramidalCollecting ducts, renal pyramids, renal papilla, renal calyces, renal pelvis (not in ox), ureter, bladder, urethra
  99. 99Urine flow in unipyramidalCollecting ducts, renal pyramids, renal crest (papilla), renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra
  100. 100Multipyramidal or multilobar kidneysFound in ruminants and pigs
  101. 101Unipyramidal or unilobar kidneysFound in carnivores and horses (horses have terminal recesses)

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1st grade Anatomy Flashcards on Cardiovascular, Lymph and Urinary System, created by Tu Ngo on 01/03/2022.
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