Flashcards
Computer architecture, languages and the OS.
Cards in this deck (30)
- 1Cache memoryA portion of memory used for high speed storage
- 2RegisterAn internal memory location within the CPU that temprorarily holds data/ instruction during processing
- 3Accumulator- The register that is used to hold data for arithmetic and logic calculations.
- 4Control Unit- Part of the CPU and controls the interactions between components within the CPU. Controls movement of instructions and data as well. It also tells components how to respond to instructions.
- 5Immediate access store (IAS)- Also know as CPU memory it is the memory of data and instructions found in the CPU. It exists because bringing data in and out of the CPU significantly slows down the process.
- 6Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)- Internal part of the CPU that carries out the arithmetic part of the instructions. Logic part carries out things like = or > than.
- 7Buses- The components of the model are all connected through buses.
- These conductors have different types in the CPU.
- The data bus carries the data
- The address bus carried the memory address
- The control bus carries the instructions - 8General steps of fetch execture cycle- Step 1 --> The CPU fetches the necessary data through buses. It sends for a certain instruction through the address bus. The RAM provides the data asked for through the Data bus into the IAS. Here it is split into special registers to be decoded.
- Step 2 --> Decoding the instructions are done through the already known instruction set.
-Step 3 --> Once the instruction can be understood it is carried out. The CPU does most of the heavy lifting here with the ALU taking part for any necessary calculations. - 9Operating system- The OS is vital to a working computer. It is the framework that allows interactions from the hardware to the computer. The OS manages the peripheral devices, communications within the Computer and the display outputted.
- 10Main functions of the OS- Provides the GUI for the user to interact with the computer
- It manages the hardware and peripheral connected to the computer
- It manages the transfer of programs into and out of memory. It also manages how programs will be places into the available memory.
- Divides processing time between the different programs
- Manages security for the computer
- It manages file handing
- It manages utility software - 11Peripheral- A hard device that, isn't directly part of the computer, is used to input, store or output data.
- 12Interrupt- An interrupt is a signal sent that is sent when an event is occured.
- The OS stops what its doing to carry out the interrupt then go back to its orginal tasks.
- An interrupt is placed in queue of other interrupts that are prioritised. The OS has an interrupt handler to place these interrupts in the queue. - 13High level language- A programming language that looks like the language humans generally use
- 14Low level langauge- A programming language that is closer to the native language of computers
- Each line of code will only carry out one task. - 15Machine code- A series of binary numbers, made up of 1s and 0s
- 16Assembly language- A low - level programming language that uses mnemonic codes to create programs
- 17SyntaxThe structure of language in a computer program
- 18Compiler- A computer program that takes a whole program that is written in high level language and translates it into machine code
- An executable file is produced from the compiler.
- The compiler can't complete its job if any part of the code is incorrect. - 19Interpreter- A computer program that translates a high level program line by line into machine code
- An interpreter will stop translating once an error is found, however unlike a compiler it stops translating at the error whilst for a compiler an error report has to be received. - 20Source code- Code in its text based form that is yet to be translated into machine code
- 21Executable file- A file format that a computer can directly
process - 22Mnemonic codes- Instruction codes used in assembly language
- This is what assembly language assigns machine code with to make it more understandable.
- Examples are -- ADD, SUB, INP, OUT, etc. - 23Assembler- Converts assembly language into machine code
- 24Driver- A program that controls a device, for example, a printer.
- 25Comparing low level language and high level language.
- 26Decoder-This breaks an instruction into its OPCODE and OPERAND
- 27BIOS- Basic input and output system
- This is a program the computer follows to turn on
- It also detects peripheral devices connected to the computer - 28Time sliceA time slice is a timeframe that is allotted an interval on the CPU to be processed, this can be a program or a user.
- 29Virtual memoryThe purpose of Virtual Memory is to act as an Extension of RAM on the secondary storage but this can slow down the OS if it spends too much time switching pages between RAM and the VM area
- 30Instruction set- A set of all instructions that can be executed by a CPU.
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- Year 10 Computer Science Flashcards on Computer architecture, languages and the OS., created by fiery Barbarian on 12/03/2022.
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