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Flashcards

Eye

Tu Ngo Anatomy 1st grade English 110 cards

Cards in this deck (110)

  1. 1EyeLight passes into the eye and is processed by the visual structures to convert the light
    into neuronal stimuli that can transmit to the brain
  2. 2Accessory structuresStructures external to the eyeball that support the functions of the eye
  3. 3Fibrous tunicSuperficial coating that contains the sclera, cornea and limbus
  4. 4Sclerawhite part of eye
  5. 5CorneaTransparent, anterior structure that allows light into the eye
  6. 6LimbusJunction of sclera and cornea
  7. 7Vascular tunic (uvea)Middle layer that contains choroid, ciliary body, and iris.
  8. 8Nervous tunic (retina)Posterior eye
  9. 9Tapetum lucidumReflective area of choroid that is absent in humans and pigs
  10. 10Ciliary bodyThickest structure that contains ciliary muscle and ciliary process
  11. 11Ciliary muscleAllows ocular accommodation via the lens
  12. 12Ciliary processAnchors zonular fibers and secretes aqueous humor
  13. 13Zonular fibers (suspensory ligaments)Hold lens in place and adjusts shape
  14. 14IrisColored part of eye surrounding the pupil
  15. 15PupilCentral opening letting light into the eye
  16. 16Pupillary constrictor musclesParasympathetic innervation
  17. 17Pupillary dilator musclesSympathetic innervation
  18. 18RetinaImage formation, made of three layers
  19. 19PhotoreceptorsLight sensitive, first layer
  20. 20Bipolar neuronsMiddle layer, passes photoreceptor stimuli to neuronal ganglia
  21. 21Ganglion neuronsInner layer, axons which leave eye as optic nerve
  22. 22Optic discBlind spot, location where optic nerve leaves the eye
  23. 23LensTransparent cells, refractive part of eye
  24. 24Anterior chamberBetween cornea and iris
  25. 25Posterior chamberBetween iris and lens
  26. 26Vitreous chamberBetween lens and retina
  27. 27Aqueous humorFills the anterior and posterior chambers. Watery fluid which provides nutrient and waste exchange for the structures of the anterior and posterior chambers. Maintains pressure and drained in sclera venous plexus.
  28. 28Vitreous bodyFelly-substance in vitreous chamber. Maintains eye shape and hold retina in place
  29. 29Upper and lower eyelidsMoveable folds which protect the rostral eye
  30. 30Cilia/eyelashesHairs from eyelids
  31. 31Lateral and medial commissuresPoint where eyelids meet
  32. 32Lacrimal caruncleMedial, triangular prominence
  33. 33Lacrimal punctaOpening into lacrimal canals near medial angles
  34. 34ConjunctivaSpecial mucous membranes lining eyelid and eyeball
  35. 35Third eyeFold of conjunctiva between medial angle and eyeball - protection
  36. 36Corpora nigraBlack masses in horse and ruminants near the upper and lower iris
  37. 37Intrinsic musclesWithin eye affecting pupil and lens shape/size
  38. 38Extrinsic musclesMove eyeball, located caudal to eye
  39. 39Lacrimal apparatusStructures which produce and drain
    tears
  40. 40Lacrimal glandPink gland dorsolateral to the eye. Releases seromucous secretions on eye surface.
  41. 41Lacrimal canaliculiSmall canals between the lacrimal puncta
    and lacrimal sacs
  42. 42Lacrimal sacStart of nasolacrimal duct
  43. 43Nasolacrimal ductDuct extending from lacrimal sac to rostral
    nasal cavity
  44. 44EarOrgan of hearing and balance. Composed of outer, middle and inner ear
  45. 45Outer earPinna and external auditory meatus
  46. 46Pinna (auricle)Fleshy appendage which catches and directs sound toward the middle ear
  47. 47Auricular cartilageElastic part of the pinna and external auditory meatus
  48. 48Middle earWithin and including the tympanic membrane
  49. 49Tympanic membrane (ear drum)Thin membrane separating the external auditory meatus and middle ear
  50. 50Auditory ossicles (ear bones)Transmit and amplify vibrations
  51. 51Malleus (hammer)Connection between tympanic membrane and incus
  52. 52Incus (anvil)Connection between malleus and stapes
  53. 53Stapes (stirrup)Connection between incus and oval window
  54. 54Oval (vestibular) window and round (cochlear) windowTwo openings between the middle and inner ear
  55. 55Auditory tubePassage between middle ear and nasopharynx
  56. 56Guttural PouchGuttural pouches in horses are paired, air filled sacs which come off the auditory tube
  57. 57Stylohyoid boneSeparates the pouch into two compartments
  58. 58Median membranous wallMucous membrane of the guttural pouches
  59. 59Pharyngeal opening of the auditory tubeSmall slits in lateral nasopharyngeal wall that open into auditory tubes (into guttural pouches)
  60. 60Inner EarOsseous and membranous labyrinth
  61. 61Bony (osseus) labyrinthCavities within the temporal bone divided into vestibule, cochlea and semicircular canals
  62. 62Membranous labyrinthTubes and sacs within bony labyrinth
  63. 63PerilymphFluid within bony labyrinth surrounding membranous labyrinth
  64. 64EndolymphFluid within the membranous labyrinth
  65. 65CochleaSnail shell-looking part of the inner ear that assists with hearing
  66. 66Outer bony coil (bony labyrinth)Spiral canal divided into two parts via the membranous cochlear duct
  67. 67Scala vestibuliCanal of the bony labyrinth communicating with the vestibule, middle ear at oval window, and scala tympani
  68. 68Scala tympaniContinuation of scala vestibuli from the cochlea round window
  69. 69Inner membranous cochlear ductDivides bony labyrinth canals, forms cochlear duct and contains spiral organ
  70. 70Cochlear duct (scala media)Spiral canal extending from base to apex of cochlea → filled with endolymph and
    contains spiral organ
  71. 71Spiral organ (organ of Corti)Organ of hearing
  72. 72VestibuleCentral, expanded portion of the inner ear, divided into saccule and utricle
  73. 73MaculeStatic equilibrium receptors perpendicular to each other in utricle and saccule and contains hair cells
  74. 74Otolithic membraneGelatinous substance covering hair cells
  75. 75Semicircular canalsThree bony canals perpendicular to each other
  76. 76AmpullaSwelling at end of each semicircular canal
  77. 77Semicircular ductsMembranous labyrinth of semicircular canals communicating with utricle
  78. 78CristaReceptor in the ampulla of each semicircular duct
  79. 79Arrector pili musclesContraction elevates hair/fur for warmth
  80. 80Vasoconstriction blood vesselsWarming
  81. 81Vasodilation blood vesselsCooling
  82. 82EpidermisCells in contact with the external environment. Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum and stratum basale.
  83. 83DermisFibrous tissue layer of the skin. Filled with nerves, blood vessels, glands, and hair follicles
  84. 84Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis, subcutis)Attachment to deeper tissues. Consists of connective tissue and adipose tissue
  85. 85Sweat GlandsSimple, coiled tubular glands of the skin
  86. 86Merocrine (eccrine) sweat glandsMajority of sweat glands in humans, sweat glands in paw pads of carnivores, frog of the horse, nasal region of swine and ruminants, and the pig carpus. Major contributor to thermoregulation and opens directly onto the skin
  87. 87Apocrine sweat glandsProminent sweat gland type in domestic species skin. Open into the hair follicle
  88. 88Sebaceous GlandsSimple holocrine glands that open into hair follicles
  89. 89Release sebumOily substance which lubricates skin. Lanolin is for sheep
  90. 90HairLong filamentous appendage of keratinized epithelial cells (dead skin cells)
  91. 91Hair follicle species differences• Horse and cattle – single hair follicles
    • Canines – compound hair follicles
    • Pigs – single follicles organized in clusters
    • Cats – single follicles with guard hairs
  92. 92Mammary glandsModified sweat glands that produce milk
  93. 93MammaGlandular tissue associated with each teat
  94. 94Milk (laciferous) ductsDucts allowing passage of milk from the mammary alveoli to the milk sinus
  95. 95Milk (laciferous) sinusMilk storage cavity
  96. 96TeatProjecting part of mammary gland, milk leaves the gland via the teat
  97. 97Teat canalPassageway from teat sinus to teat opening
  98. 98HoofHorny epidermis covering the distal digits
  99. 99WallVisible part to the hoof. Divided into dorsal aspect, medial aspect, lateral aspect, and plantar/palmar aspect
  100. 100BarEither side of the frog
  101. 101PeriopleOuter hoof layer
  102. 102Perioplic band(Coronary band/coronet)
  103. 103SoleBottom of hoof
  104. 104White lineBetween the wall and the sole. Denotes location of sensitive internal structures
  105. 105FrogBetween sole, bars, and bulbs. Cardiovascular function
  106. 106Bulbs of the heelsExpansion of frog
  107. 107Collateral groovesSeparates bars and frog. Cleaned to prevent disease
  108. 108Corium (or dermis)Highly vascular part of the foot providing nourishment of the overlying epidermis or hoof
  109. 109HornsCovers the cornual process -> extension of the frontal bone
  110. 110—

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1st grade Anatomy Flashcards on Eye, created by Tu Ngo on 16/04/2022.
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