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Flashcards

Particles and Radiation

Marianne Scotland English 46 cards

Particles and Radiation

Cards in this deck (46)

  1. 1The structure of the atomThe structure of the atom
  2. 2Relative charges and masses of protons, neutrons and electrons.Relative charges and masses of protons, neutrons and electrons.
  3. 3Nuclide NotationA = mass no., i.e no. of nucleons.
    Z = atomic number, no. of protons.
    X = element.    Nuclide Notation
  4. 4Actual charges and masses of protons, neutrons and electrons.Actual charges and masses of protons, neutrons and electrons.
  5. 5Specific Charge equationSpecific Charge equation
  6. 6IsotopeAn atom of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
  7. 7Example of a use of isotopic datae.g. Carbon-14 is used for carbon dating.
  8. 8Role of the strong forceKeeps the nuclei stable by holding the nucleons together
  9. 9Ranges of the strong nuclear forcebelow 0.5 fm it is repulsive, from 0.5 to 3 fm it is attractive but after 3 fm it is is neither.
  10. 10What happens to unstable nucleiThey decay in order to become more stable.
  11. 11Alpha decayAlpha decay
  12. 12Beta minus decayBeta minus decay
  13. 13Beta plus decayBeta plus decay
  14. 14How were neutrinos discovered?They were hypothesised from observation of beta decay in which mass was not conserved completely, this lead to the discovery of the neutrino.
  15. 15What is a photon?A discrete wave packet.
  16. 16Energy equation:E = Energy (J)
    f = frequency (Hz)
    c = speed of light
    lamda = wavelength    Energy equation:
  17. 17Particles and antiparticlesParticles and antiparticles
  18. 18What is pair production?When high energy photons form an antiparticle and particle pair. Usually involves a third particle e.g. an electron or a nucleus.
  19. 19What is annihilation?Annihilation is when an antiparticle and a particle meet and annihilate each other and produce two photns travelling in opposite directions.
  20. 20What are the two different types of Hadron? Give examplesBaryons (protons and neutrons) and Mesons (pions and kaons) and their antiparticles
  21. 21What are leptons?Leptons are electrons, muons and their neutrinos and antiparticles.
  22. 22What force are Hadrons subject to?The strong nuclear force.
  23. 23What force are leptons subject to?The weak nuclear force.
  24. 24Which is the only stable Hadron? What happens to other types of Hadron?The proton. All other Hadrons decay into protons eventually.
  25. 25Why and how do neutrons decay?Neutrons decay into protons because they are unstable. They do this via beta decay.
  26. 26What are pions the exchange particle for?The strong nuclear force.
  27. 27What do Kaons decay into? What do muons decay into?Kaons decay into Pions, Muons decay into Electrons.
  28. 28Why are Baryon and Lepton numbers important?They need to be conserved in all equations.
  29. 29What are the lepton numbers for electrons and muonsElectrons and muon = 1
    Antiparticles = -1
  30. 30How are strange particles made?The strong ineraction and decay through the weak interactions.
  31. 31What is important about strangeness and strange particles?Strangeness is a quantum number, strange particles are always formed in pairs.
  32. 32Strangeess is conserved in the strong interaction but what can change in the weak interaction?Strangeness aan change by -1, 0 and +1
  33. 33What 5 things MUST be conserved in all particle reactions?Energy, momentum, charge, baryon number, lepton number.
  34. 34What are the properties of the up, down, strange and anti-quarks?The antiparticles have the opposite propertiesWhat are the properties of the up, down, strange and anti-quarks?
  35. 35What are the quark compositions of pions and kaons?What are the quark compositions of pions and kaons?
  36. 36What are the quark composition of protons and neutrons?What are the quark composition of protons and neutrons?
  37. 37Why can a quark's composition change during beta decay?A proton turns into a neutron, therefore it's quark composition changes.
  38. 38What does the investigation of particle physics need?Largee teams of physicists and engineers to collect, analyse and prent data.
  39. 39What are exchange particles?Virtual particles that are used to explain the forces acting between particles.
  40. 40What are the four fundamental interactions?Gravity, electromagnetic, weak nuclear and strong nuclear
  41. 41What are the exchange particles for the four fundamental forces?What are the exchange particles for the four fundamental forces?
  42. 42What is the Feynman diagram for Beta minus decay?What is the Feynman diagram for Beta minus decay?
  43. 43What is the Feynman diagram for Beta plus decay?What is the Feynman diagram for Beta plus decay?
  44. 44What is the Feynman diagram for electron capture?What is the Feynman diagram for electron capture?
  45. 45What is the Feynman diagram for electron-proton collisions?What is the Feynman diagram for electron-proton collisions?
  46. 46What is the Feynman diagram for electron-electron collisions?What is the Feynman diagram for electron-electron collisions?

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Flashcards on Particles and Radiation, created by Marianne Scotland on 07/10/2015.
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