Flashcards
InformationTechnologySystems_ReviewBook
Cards in this deck (85)
- 1What is t he structure of database tables for a database called?Schema
- 2What does normalizing data in a database mean?developing the tables so data is not duplicated across tables
- 3What does 3rd normal form mean?specifies that every piece of data in a row only depends on the information in the primary key
- 4How are database schemas visualizedEntity-Relationship Diagrams (ERD)
- 5What is BigQuery?cloud database by google compatible with SQL 2011 standards
- 6What is RedShiftAmazon implementation in the cloud of its own flavor of SQL
- 7Define ACID for databases?Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability
- 8WHat is atomicity?if one part of the transaction fails, the entire transaction fails
- 9define Database Consistency?no transactions violate the rules of the database
- 10What does isolation in database meanTransaction run concurrently will yield the same results as transaction run sequentially
- 11Durability is?once a transaction in a database succeeds (is committed) , the changes are resilient to failures and visible to all other running transactions
- 12How is data stored in a MUMPS database?Sparse MAtrices
- 13What is. MApReduce DatabaseHadoop, - algorithm developed by google to query parallel environments and execute portions of the query over hundreds of computers with small subtasks
- 14NAme 3 open source data warehouses?PCORnet, I2B2, and OHDSI OMOP
- 15what kind of algorithms are Support vector machines and regression analysis?Classification Algorithms
- 16What are classification algorithms called "supervised learning"Because the correct outcome is known and "supervises" the algorithm as it trains the parameters
- 17what is cross-validation of an algorithm.?splitting data into different training and test sets and comparing performance across all parameterizations of the algorithm
- 18What is Bootstrapping?create additoinal training data by "re-sampling" the existing training set gtv6 gt6
- 19If sensitivity can be varied, how is the algorithm's output visualized?Receiver Operator Curve
- 20What does an ROC curve for an algorithm plot?sensitivity against specificity for each parametrization of the algorithm
- 21What is unsupervised learning?Looking for patterns in data where no specific goal is known
- 22what is a good example of unsupervised learning?Recommendation Engines at e-commerce sites
- 23what is an example of unsupervised learning in healthcare?Autoencoder
- 24Name the 3 components of data quality?1) Data Conformance = adhere to standards
2) completeness - is it present
3) Plausibility - is it believable - 25Name the 7 layers of the OSI1) physical
2)Data Link
3) network
4) Transport
5) session
6)Presentation
7) Application - 26What layer is copper wire in the OSI model?Layer 1 - Physical
- 27What layer uses physical device addresses know as Media Access Control addresses? (MAC)2) Data Link
- 28What layer contains IP address in the OSI MOdel?Layer 3 - NEtwork Layer -
- 29Which layer provides error controls in the OSI Model?Layer 4 - Transport Layer
- 30What is the Layer 4 Protocol most commonly used?TCP/IP
- 31What does the 5th layer of the OSI model do for networking?The session layer provides authentication, authorization, and session restoration.
- 32How do applications connect on a network using layer 5?using "sockets" that are assigned port numbers
- 33what happens at the presentation layer of the OSI model ?handles encryption and compression -eg... SSL encryption and JPEG compression
- 34What is purpose of the Application layer of the OSI Model (HL7) ?defines the message format- eg HTTP for browsers or HL7 for healthcare
- 35what is definition of Network Speed?time it takes fixed amount data to cross the network from one computer to another
- 36Define BandwidthRaw network speed for actual binary 0 and 1s to cross the network - Bits/sec
- 37How does data cross a network?data is broken down into packets which each has a routing and header info for reassembling which adds 5-10%
- 38What is Network Latency?delay in getting first byte of the packet transferred?
- 39what causes network latency?1) time it takes a network device to receive packet, process the header for relevant information and then transmit the packet to the appropriate target
2) waiting time due to competition for network resources - 40What does a Network Architecture show?Shows how servers, data storage and user interface devices are connected t
- 41T/F = Network architecture diagrams show what is happening in the application layer - HL7False - it doesn't show this.
- 42What type of diagram shows how application "logic" works at Layer 7?UML Activity Diagram
- 43What are swimlanes in UML Activity Diagram?groups activities according to who and where the actor is? (i.e. clinic, hospital, etc.)
- 44What do Boxes with rounded corners represent in an UML Activity Diagram?Processes
- 45What do Boxes with less rounded corners represent in a UML activity diagram?Datastores
- 46What do Solid lines represent in an UML Activity diagram?Flow of control
- 47How is data flow represented in a UML Activity Diagram?Dashed lines
- 48What do Dark bars represents?Splits and joins of flow of control
- 49What is the purpose of a data flow diagram ?describes the movement of data through a system with emphasis on data transformations
- 50in a dataflow diagram, what is the starting point symbol?double circle
- 51in a dataflow diagram, lines show?Data elements in motion
- 52What do circles represent in a dataflow diagram?Data transformations
- 53How are datastores represented in data flow diagram?open rectangles
- 54How is the endpoint represented in a dataflow diagram?darkened circle
- 55what is the purpose of an enterprise architecture diagram?show the overall structure and behavior of a system with only main features of each aspect of the system
- 56What is Application Architecture?the way the software application is broken down into components, especially the servers
- 57What comprises a 3-tier architecture?1) Client
2) Application Server
3) Database Server - 58give 4 examples of Service oriented architectures?1) Service-oriented access protocol (SOAP)
2) REST - representation state transfer
3) CORBA - common object request broker architecture
4) ICE - internet communications engine - 59What is a stored Procedure?SQL database programming groups SQL statements into a program to perform actions on a database
- 60object oriented programming has data structures with two main components?Properties and MEthods
Properties = variables
Methodsa = funcitons that use variables - 61Procedural languages are different than object oriented languages because?no objects, shared methods and variables throughout the program.
- 62which type of programming language is best for scripting?procedural languages > object oriented languages
- 63what are examples of "control structures" in programming languages?Things for "looping" and "branching
For, For-While, If- Then, Do-While., Case - 64What does a compiled programming language mean?The code is converted into machine code before running the porgram
- 65What is an interpreted language mean?code is converted to machine code each time the program is run
- 66What does a virtual machine language do?it first is converted to Byte-Code which is pseudo machine language which is then covnerted to machine language on virtual machine more quickly
- 67what is the waterfall methodology of software development?traditional method of requirements -->development -> testing
- 68What is the iterative method of software developmentminimal planning--> develop in short cycles of planning, develop and test,
- 69Name examples of Quality assurance methodologies used in software development?PAir programming, code reviews, software documentation etc
- 70what is unit testing?tests of an individual function of the software for specific combination of inputs
- 71What is regression testing?running all old unit tests to verify that the new features have not broken any old features
- 72what are the 4 technical safeguards to ensure security of e-PHI?1) Access control
2) Audit Controls
3) integrity controls
4) Transmission security - 73Name to 2 components of Access Control for Software?Authentication - is the user who they say they are?
Authorization - specific access to specific functions and data in a software program - 74What is audit controls for software security?Logs of activities
- 75What does "integrity" control mean?implementing policies and procedures to ensure that e-PHI is not altered or destroyed improperly
- 76what are transmission controls?measures to prevent unauthorized access to e-PHI when transmitting data over a network -i.e. encryption, firewalls,
- 77What is the common rule?1981 law , of ethics regarding biomedical and behavioral research revised in 2018, involving human subjects research
- 78what is the common rule outline?requirements for informed consent , IRB membership,functions, operations, review of research, and record keeping, and protections for vulnerable subjects ie.. pregnant women, prisoners, and children
- 79What is a "brute-force" security attack ?attempt to guess the encryption key or password with multiple combinations until successful
- 80What is a man in the middle security attack?insertion of a computer on the network btw 2 systems that exchange data that acts as a router, copying the data or alters the data as it passes through without the 2 systems knowning
- 81What is a buffer overflow security attack?Send a large data packet to the target system computer which expects it, puts it into a "buffer" area of memory. The size is so large, it exceeds the buffer into an area of memory used for executing code. The computer then later executes this code not knowing it is the attackers code and it can do anything it wants on the system
- 82What is a codes injection attack?put executable code into an application data field with escape characters that cause subroutines in the computer to end their intended functioning and misinterpret the rest of the input code to execute.
- 83what is FISMA?Federal Information security act - 2002 -
- 84What is the FISMA regulation say?all fed agency must create, document and implement security to protect the data
- 85How does the HITECH act of 2009 define a major Security Breach and what happens does an org need to do if it occursunauthorized security breech to 500 or more unencrypted patient records --> must notify local media, report breach to HHS, will be listed on HHS public site
Information
- Description
- Board Exam HealthInformationSystems Flashcards on InformationTechnologySystems_ReviewBook, created by Michael Riben on 25/08/2022.
- Created by
- Michael Riben
- Views
- 1
- Rating