Flashcards
Chapter 2 Flashcards - Nazir Johnson
Cards in this deck (42)
- 1anti-clericalism- a growing measure of disrespect to the clergy
- 2pietism- idea of direct relationship with god
- 3simony- selling church positions
- 4heresy- say something against/against the church
- 5indulgences- indulgences are sold to release the buyer from penance
- 6purgatory- temporary
- 7penance- punishment of sins
- 8punishment of sins- idea from john calvin that god predetermined your fate
- 9Huguenots- french calvinists
- 10john wycliffe- questioned wealth transubstantiation penance and indulgences of the church followers are call the lollards
- 11jan huss- led revolt that questioned infallibility & immorality of clergy (called to council by pope)
- 12martin luther- a monk that had followers called Lutherans troubled by indulgences and purgatory wrote 95 theses and started lutharan church
- 13emperor Charles V- had trouble with ruling multinational empire had wars with ottoman and france empires couldn't contain religious revolt in 1540
- 14john calvin- followers are Calvinists had idea of predestination and found ideas in institutes of the christian religion turned geneva(where he lived) into Jerusalem
- 15king henry VIII- called defender of faith (created pamphlet about the defense of the seven sacrements and criticized luther. he divorced wife buut cant cause its illegal unless he asked for anulement (pope couldnt allow this cause of the reformation and aunt of charles V)
- 16catherine of aragon- original wife of kind henry and got cheated on by him
- 17anne boleyn- the woman king henry cheated with on catherine of aragon was executed for being accused of cheating
- 18edward VI- son of king henry and was a king from 28
- 19queen elizabeth daughter of anne boleyn- brief reighns from siblings before her (she had long and succesful protestant church course)
- 20ignatius of loyola- created the society of jesus (jesuits) liad out his thoughts of spiritual excercises and focus on obedience to the church
- 21st. teresa of avila- made stricter order of nun and monks
- 22el greco- mixed mannerist, renaissance and byzantine elements
- 23artemisia gentileschi- female, known for natural depictions of female figure
- 24gian bernini- architect famous for barogue sculptors
- 25peter paul rubens- influential dutch artists produced a huge number of paintings
- 26ways Europe was changing in the 16th century- humanism led to questioning religion like relics or value printing press led to the lost of control of the bible scripture
- 27church issues before the reformation- many priests poorly educated practiced simony clergy had multiple positions so it was difficult to minister people
- 28The 95 theses- by luther was spread from being printed and spread everywhere, attacks on the sale of indulgences but this was ignored by pope leo
- 29diet of worms- meeting of german nobility holy roman emperor charles V asked luther to recant
- 30luthers revolutionary ideas- changes sacraments to two instead of seven only communion and baptism he rejects transubstantiation and no celebacy along with monks three from a writing luther made called the liberty of a christian man that grace is a gift from god, one is saved by faith only, bible is the only source of faith
- 31areas protestantism spread to- in 3 decades it spread throiugh north germany, scandanavia, england, scotland, netherlands, france,
- 32german peasants revolt- revolt in 1525 peasants cause of worse eco conditions & believed luther for social equality than luther made something called a tract called "against the robbing & murderous hordes of peasants" basically saying the nobles should show them no mercy
- 33peace of augsburg- 1553 charles was forced to sign peace giving legal recognition to lutheranism
- 34schmalkadic war- schmalkadic war(charles & some protestant went bad for him)
- 35the anabaptists- denied infant baptism believed that baptism only works for adults so they are aware they made rebaptism but it was to be a capital defense in holy roman empire. took over munster in 1534 made old test. for theocracy then scattered when taken
- 36act in restraint of appeals- pushed parliament to enact a act and it declares everything was in the kings jurisdiction
- 37act of supremecy- this ended english reformation in 1534 declared the king of england supreme head of church of england then henry closed all catholic monastaries and took their land
- 38the index of prohibited books- declares heretical works such as texts from the authors erasmus & galileo
- 39the inquisition- fought heresy in catholic lands using torture to force confessions/ executed
- 40the council of trent- the church addressed issues and placed limits on simony mandated a siminary in every diocese so priests could get educated looked for more fixes than refused and strongly stick by the sacraments rules of the priests life of good works and faith church did not like mannerist art so baroque art was made
- 41baroque style of art- made to counter protestants styles (contrast, movement, detail, deep colors, and grandeur to achieve awe.
- 42the society of jesus- followers of ignatius of loyola said they were teaching order catholic missionaries where lutheranism spread reconverting lots in poland to catholic faith.
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- AP European History Flashcards on Chapter 2 Flashcards - Nazir Johnson, created by Nazir Johnson on 18/10/2022.
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